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  - **$\huge |\Phi^+\rangle$**: Represents the quantum state vector in Dirac notation (also known as bra-ket notation). The state $|\Phi^+\rangle$ is one of the four Bell states, which are entangled qubit states.
 
+- **$\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}$**: This normalization factor is necessary to ensure that the total probability of measuring the system is 1. In quantum mechanics, the norm of the state vector (the sum of the squares of the probabilities of possible outcomes) must equal 1.
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