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‎machines/qemu-vexpress-a9/.config‎

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‎machines/qemu-vexpress-a9/.cproject‎

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‎machines/qemu-vexpress-a9/.gitignore‎

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*.pyc
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*.map
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*.dblite
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*.elf
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*.bin
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*.hex
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*.axf
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*.exe
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*.pdb
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*.idb
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*.ilk
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*.old
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build
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Debug
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documentation/html
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packages/
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*~
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*.o
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*.obj
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*.out
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*.bak
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*.dep
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*.lib
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*.i
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*.d
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.DS_Stor*
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.config 3
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.config 4
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.config 5
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Midea-X1
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*.uimg
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GPATH
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GRTAGS
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GTAGS
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.vscode
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JLinkLog.txt
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JLinkSettings.ini
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DebugConfig/
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RTE/
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settings/
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*.uvguix*
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cconfig.h
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.settings
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drivers/automac.h

‎machines/qemu-vexpress-a9/.project‎

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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<projectDescription>
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<name>qemu-vexpress-a9</name>
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<comment></comment>
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<projects>
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</projects>
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<buildSpec>
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<buildCommand>
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<name>org.eclipse.cdt.managedbuilder.core.genmakebuilder</name>
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<triggers>clean,full,incremental,</triggers>
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<arguments>
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</arguments>
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</buildCommand>
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<buildCommand>
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<name>org.eclipse.cdt.managedbuilder.core.ScannerConfigBuilder</name>
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<triggers>full,incremental,</triggers>
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<arguments>
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</arguments>
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</buildCommand>
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</buildSpec>
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<natures>
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<nature>org.eclipse.cdt.core.cnature</nature>
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<nature>org.eclipse.cdt.core.rttnature</nature>
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<nature>org.eclipse.cdt.managedbuilder.core.managedBuildNature</nature>
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<nature>org.eclipse.cdt.managedbuilder.core.ScannerConfigNature</nature>
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</natures>
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<linkedResources>
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<link>
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<name>rt-thread</name>
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<type>2</type>
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<locationURI>virtual:/virtual</locationURI>
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</link>
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<link>
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<name>rt-thread/components</name>
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<type>2</type>
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<locationURI>$%7BPARENT-2-PROJECT_LOC%7D/components</locationURI>
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</link>
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<link>
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<name>rt-thread/include</name>
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<type>2</type>
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<locationURI>$%7BPARENT-2-PROJECT_LOC%7D/include</locationURI>
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</link>
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<link>
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<name>rt-thread/libcpu</name>
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<type>2</type>
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<locationURI>$%7BPARENT-2-PROJECT_LOC%7D/libcpu</locationURI>
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</link>
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<link>
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<name>rt-thread/src</name>
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<type>2</type>
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<locationURI>$%7BPARENT-2-PROJECT_LOC%7D/src</locationURI>
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</link>
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</linkedResources>
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</projectDescription>

‎machines/qemu-vexpress-a9/Kconfig‎

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mainmenu "RT-Thread Project Configuration"
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BSP_DIR := .
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RTT_DIR := ../../rt-thread
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PKGS_DIR := packages
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source "$(RTT_DIR)/Kconfig"
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osource "$PKGS_DIR/Kconfig"
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source "$(BSP_DIR)/drivers/Kconfig"

‎machines/qemu-vexpress-a9/README.md‎

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# QEMU VExpress A9板级支持包说明
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## 1 简介
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- Versatile Express系统由ARM Ltd提供，作为CortexA9四核处理器的开发环境，硬件由uATX主板和CoreTile Express A9x4子板组成。有关该系统的详细信息，可以访问 [ARM官方页面][1] 。
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- Versatile Express的核心是一套FPGA的开发环境，Cortex-A芯片基于FPGA上的硬件逻辑，所以本身是不存在这么一款真实芯片。
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- QEMU/VExpress A9是QEMU模拟器针对ARM VExpress-A9 FPGA开发板进行软件模拟的指令级虚拟机。QEMU/VExpress因为是软件仿真模式，可以配置成多种模式，例如单核Cortex-A9，多核Cortex-A9，以及多核Cortex-A15等。同时也能够模拟出VExpress FPGA开发板上大多数的外设。
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- 这份RT-Thread BSP是针对QEMU/VExpress-A9的一份移植，也并未在真实的VExpress FPGA开发板上运行过，主要是提供给开发者一定的便利，能够使用、验证一定的功能。对于真实FPGA开发板的执行情况，不做任何假设。
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当前QEMU/VExpress-A9对应的硬件特性：
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| 硬件 | 描述 |
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| -- | -- |
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| CPU | ARM Cortex-A9（单核） |
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| 主频 | NA |
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| Memory | 128MB(0x60000000 - 0x68000000) |
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## 2 编译说明
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- 推荐使用[env工具][2]编译工程，在`bsp/qemu-vexpress-a9`目录中打开env环境，运行命令`scons -j4`
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![image-20220626114422344](figures/image-20220626114422344.png)
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- 如果编译正确无误，会产生rtthread.elf、rtthread.bin文件。在QEMU中一般使用elf方式来运行，所以只需要使用rtthread.elf文件即可。
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![image-20220626114611158](figures/image-20220626114611158.png)
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- 当前测试使用的RT-Thread Env版本
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![image-20220626113747893](figures/image-20220626113747893.png)
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- 当前测试使用的GCC 交叉编译工具链版本
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![image-20220626114020634](figures/image-20220626114020634.png)
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- 如果在Linux下使用，请自行下载[GNU GCC工具链][3]。
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## 3 执行和退出
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### 3.1 执行脚本文件说明
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在这个bsp目录下已经提供了下面几个执行脚本文件，具体的说明如下表所示：
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| 执行脚本文件 | 运行平台 | 备注 |
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| ------ | ---- | :------: |
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| qemu.bat | Windows | 普通模式启动运行 |
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| qemu.sh | Linux | 同上 |
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| qemu-dbg.bat | Windows | 调试模式启动运行 |
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| qemu-dbg.sh | Linux | 同上 |
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| qemu-nographic.bat | Windows | 以不带界面的模式启动运行 |
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| qemu-nographic.sh | Linux | 同上 |
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### 3.2 RT-Studio IDE下运行RT-Thread
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推荐使用该方式进行学习，简单易用
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- 创建QEMU工程，创建RT-Thread项目，选择基于开发板，选择QEMU-VEXPRESS-A9
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![image-20220626125511399](figures/image-20220626125511399.png)
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- 创建好工程后，点击完成，选中qemu-a9工程，编译工程
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![image-20220626125644099](figures/image-20220626125644099.png)
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- 调试工程，发现程序停在了main函数开头处
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![image-20220626125717698](figures/image-20220626125717698.png)
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- 点击全速运行，发现程序正常运行起来
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![image-20220626125837849](figures/image-20220626125837849.png)
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### 3.3 Windows ENV下运行RT-Thread
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#### 3.3.1 启动QEMU运行
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- 当要运行编译好的RT-Thread时，可以在bsp目录下运行env，在env中敲入qemu.bat即可直接运行。这个执行脚本默认把串口输出到stdio（即控制台）上，所以直接执行脚本后就可以输出结果了。
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- 默认情况下，我们发现已经成功挂载SD卡
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> 注意一下，默认情况下，由于SD中没有文件系统存在，因此挂载失败，程序中检测到文件系统挂载失败后，会自动执行mkfs对文件系统进行格式化操作，格式化完后，再次执行mount操作，文件系统挂载成功
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![image-20220626115233881](figures/image-20220626115233881.png)
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![image-20220626115854706](figures/image-20220626115854706.png)
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- 文件系统操作，测试文件系统是否可以正常读写
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![image-20220626115504981](figures/image-20220626115504981.png)
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- 当然你也可以尝试使用其他两个**.bat**文件启动运行。
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#### 3.3.2 退出QEMU运行
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在msh提示输入的状态下，按下 **CTRL+C** ，有以下提示之后，按下 **y** ，即可退出 QEMU 。
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```shell
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hello rt-thread
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msh />
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msh />
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msh />Terminate batch job (Y/N)? y
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```
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### 3.4 Windows VSCode 中运行RT-Thread
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参考文档：[使用VS Code开发RT-Thread](https://www.rt-thread.org/document/site/#/rt-thread-version/rt-thread-standard/application-note/setup/qemu/vscode/an0021-qemu-vscode?id=%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8-vs-code-%e5%bc%80%e5%8f%91-rt-thread)
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### 3.5 Linux下执行RT-Thread
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#### 3.5.1 安装QEMU工具包
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在Linux下调试启动与Windows下稍微有点点区别，由于Windows下安装了**env**工具就自带了**qemu-system-arm**，而Linux下默认是没有这个工具的，所以执行执行`./qemu.sh`会报错：
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```shell
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bsp/qemu-vexpress-a9$ ./qemu-nographic.sh
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./qemu-nographic.sh: line 5: /usr/bin/qemu-system-arm: No such file or directory
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```
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这个时候需要在Linux平台安装**qemu-system-arm**工具包，以**Linux Ubuntu**平台为例，使用以下命令即可安装对应的工具包：
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```shell
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bsp/qemu-vexpress-a9$ sudo apt-get install qemu-system-arm
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Reading package lists... Done
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Building dependency tree
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Reading state information... Done
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The following package was automatically installed and is no longer required:
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tinyproxy-bin
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Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove it.
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Suggested packages:
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vde2
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The following NEW packages will be installed:
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qemu-system-arm
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0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 168 not upgraded.
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Need to get 0 B/7,722 kB of archives.
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After this operation, 36.6 MB of additional disk space will be used.
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Selecting previously unselected package qemu-system-arm.
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(Reading database ... 159586 files and directories currently installed.)
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Preparing to unpack .../qemu-system-arm_1%3a4.2-3ubuntu6.17_amd64.deb ...
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Unpacking qemu-system-arm (1:4.2-3ubuntu6.17) ...
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Setting up qemu-system-arm (1:4.2-3ubuntu6.17) ...
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Processing triggers for man-db (2.9.1-1) ...
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```
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提示安装成功后，输入查看**qemu-system-arm**版本信息的命令，如果可以看到对应的版本信息，证明它可以正常使用。
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```shell
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/bsp/qemu-vexpress-a9$ qemu-system-arm --version
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QEMU emulator version 4.2.1 (Debian 1:4.2-3ubuntu6.17)
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Copyright (c) 2003-2019 Fabrice Bellard and the QEMU Project developers
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```
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#### 3.5.2 启动QEMU运行
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由于Linux平台一般都是不带界面的服务器，所以推荐使用`qemu-nographic.sh`脚本来启动运行，参考运行示例如下：
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```shell
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bsp/qemu-vexpress-a9$ ./qemu-nographic.sh
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WARNING: Image format was not specified for 'sd.bin' and probing guessed raw.
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Automatically detecting the format is dangerous for raw images, write operations on block 0 will be restricted.
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Specify the 'raw' format explicitly to remove the restrictions.
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ALSA lib confmisc.c:767:(parse_card) cannot find card '0'
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ALSA lib conf.c:4732:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_card_driver returned error: No such file or directory
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ALSA lib confmisc.c:392:(snd_func_concat) error evaluating strings
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ALSA lib conf.c:4732:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_concat returned error: No such file or directory
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ALSA lib confmisc.c:1246:(snd_func_refer) error evaluating name
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ALSA lib conf.c:4732:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_refer returned error: No such file or directory
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ALSA lib conf.c:5220:(snd_config_expand) Evaluate error: No such file or directory
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ALSA lib pcm.c:2642:(snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM default
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alsa: Could not initialize DAC
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alsa: Failed to open `default':
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alsa: Reason: No such file or directory
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ALSA lib confmisc.c:767:(parse_card) cannot find card '0'
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ALSA lib conf.c:4732:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_card_driver returned error: No such file or directory
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ALSA lib confmisc.c:392:(snd_func_concat) error evaluating strings
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ALSA lib conf.c:4732:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_concat returned error: No such file or directory
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ALSA lib confmisc.c:1246:(snd_func_refer) error evaluating name
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ALSA lib conf.c:4732:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_refer returned error: No such file or directory
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ALSA lib conf.c:5220:(snd_config_expand) Evaluate error: No such file or directory
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ALSA lib pcm.c:2642:(snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM default
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alsa: Could not initialize DAC
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alsa: Failed to open `default':
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alsa: Reason: No such file or directory
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audio: Failed to create voice `lm4549.out'
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\ | /
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- RT - Thread Operating System
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/ | \ 4.1.0 build Nov 24 2021 19:49:17
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2006 - 2021 Copyright by rt-thread team
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lwIP-2.1.2 initialized!
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[I/sal.skt] Socket Abstraction Layer initialize success.
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[I/SDIO] SD card capacity 65536 KB.
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[I/SDIO] switching card to high speed failed!
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[W/POSIX.delay] Please consider implementing rt_hw_us_delay() in another file.
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[W/POSIX.delay] Please consider implementing rt_hw_us_delay() in another file.
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[W/POSIX.delay] Please consider implementing rt_hw_us_delay() in another file.
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hello rt-thread
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msh />
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msh />
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msh />
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```
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**注意**： 前面的错误信息可以忽略，能看到RT-Thread的启动logo输出，以及msh能正常输入输出，即可进行代码调试了。
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#### 3.5.3 退出QEMU运行
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Linux下退出QEMU的方式与Windows下有些不一样；在msh提示输入的状态下，按下 **CTRL+A** ，再按下 **X** ，即可退出 QEMU 。
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```shell
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hello rt-thread
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msh />
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msh />
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msh />QEMU: Terminated
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```
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## 4 支持情况
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| 驱动 | 支持情况 | 备注 |
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| ------ | ---- | :------: |
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| UART | 支持 | UART0/1 |
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| SD/MMC | 支持 | |
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| CLCD | 支持 | |
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| Key | 支持 | |
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| Mouse | 支持 | |
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| EMAC | 支持 | |
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## 5 联系人信息
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维护人：[bernard][4] [recan-li][5]
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[1]: http://infocenter.arm.com/help/index.jsp?topic=/com.arm.doc.subset.boards.express/index.html
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[2]: https://www.rt-thread.org/download.html#download-rt-thread-env-tool
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[3]: https://launchpad.net/gcc-arm-embedded/5.0/5-2016-q3-update/+download/gcc-arm-none-eabi-5_4-2016q3-20160926-linux.tar.bz2
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[4]: https://github.com/BernardXiong
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[5]: https://github.com/recan-li

‎machines/qemu-vexpress-a9/SConscript‎

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# RT-Thread building script for bridge
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import os
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from building import *
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cwd = GetCurrentDir()
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objs = []
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list = os.listdir(cwd)
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for d in list:
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path = os.path.join(cwd, d)
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if os.path.isfile(os.path.join(path, 'SConscript')):
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objs = objs + SConscript(os.path.join(d, 'SConscript'))
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Return('objs')

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