[component][drivers][serial_v2] 优化serial_v2 (#10603)

* [bsp][stm32][drv_usart_v2] uart_isr不再使用链式调用，RXNE内循环读空，一些细节优化

* [componnents][drivers][serial_v2] 增加获取config接口，使用rt_tick_get_delta替代内部的时间绕回判断，写满丢弃策略rx接收数据错乱修复，clang-tidy和cppcheck审查优化

* [utest][drivers][serial_v2] 测试例程进行优化

* [bsp][stm32][drv_usart_v2] 撤回DMAMUX1修改

* [componnents][drivers][serial_v2] read和write不再返回-RT_ETIMEOUT改为已发送或读取的字节数，细节优化

* [utest][drivers][serial_v2] 增加单独的timeout测试，减少测试中的硬延时

* [utest][drivers][serial_v2] 漏提交的posix下标志位

* [utest][drivers][serial_v2] 优化测试例程

* [bsp][stm32][drv_usart_v2] transmit返回错误值，RXNE增加超时逻辑

* [componnents][drivers][serial_v2] 增加transmit错误处理，增加超时退出机制显式的避免死循环

* [componnents][drivers][serial_v2] 适配serial_v2和posix非libc标准库下的console和shell

Author: Ryan-CW-Code

bsp/stm32/libraries/HAL_Drivers/drivers/drv_usart_v2.c

@@ -210,6 +210,7 @@
 #define RT_SERIAL_CTRL_RX_FLUSH                 0x45    /* clear rx buffer. Discard all data */
 #define RT_SERIAL_CTRL_TX_FLUSH                 0x46    /* clear tx buffer. Blocking and wait for the send buffer data to be sent. not supported in poll mode */
 #define RT_SERIAL_CTRL_GET_UNREAD_BYTES_COUNT   0x47    /* get unread bytes count. not supported in poll mode */
+#define RT_SERIAL_CTRL_GET_CONFIG               0x48    /* get serial config */
 
 #define RT_SERIAL_ERR_OVERRUN           0x01
 #define RT_SERIAL_ERR_FRAMING           0x02
@@ -336,7 +337,12 @@ struct rt_serial_device
 #ifdef RT_USING_SERIAL_BYPASS
     struct rt_serial_bypass* bypass;
 #endif
+
     struct rt_device_notify rx_notify;
+
+#ifdef RT_USING_POSIX_STDIO
+    rt_bool_t is_posix_mode;
+#endif
 };
 
 /**