Update README.md

Author: RezaGooner

README.md

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-# Timer-4digit-7segment
-This project is a Digital Clock that displays time in minutes and seconds on a 4-digit 7-segment display. It uses the ATmega32 microcontroller, a BCD to 7-Segment Decoder (IC 7447), and the Multiplexing technique.
+# Display Time on a 4-Digit 7-Segment Display Using ATmega32 and BCD to 7-Segment Decoder (IC 7447)
+
+This project is a simple digital clock that displays time on a 4-digit 7-segment display. It is implemented using the **ATmega32** microcontroller, a **BCD to 7-Segment Decoder (IC 7447)**, and the **Multiplexing** technique.
+
+---
+
+## Table of Contents
+- [Introduction](#introduction)
+- [Components Required](#components-required)
+- [How It Works](#how-it-works)
+- [Hardware Connections](#hardware-connections)
+- [How to Run the Project](#how-to-run-the-project)
+- [Programming](#programming)
+
+
+---
+
+## Introduction
+
+This project is a simple digital clock that displays minutes and seconds on a 4-digit 7-segment display. The **ATmega32** microcontroller generates BCD (Binary-Coded Decimal) values, which are then converted to the appropriate signals for the 7-segment display using the **BCD to 7-Segment Decoder (IC 7447)**. The **Multiplexing** technique is employed to display all digits simultaneously.
+
+---
+
+## Components Required
+
+- **ATmega32** microcontroller
+- 4-digit 7-segment display (Common Cathode)
+- BCD to 7-Segment Decoder (IC 7447)
+- NPN transistors (e.g., 2N2222 or BC547) (4 pieces)
+- 5V power supply
+
+---
+
+## How It Works
+
+![ezgif-2ca358baa20250](https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/ce49f578-de18-416c-88c3-9d5308b665e8)
+
+In this project, time is calculated in minutes and seconds and displayed on the 7-segment display. The **ATmega32** generates BCD values for each digit, which are then sent to the **BCD to 7-Segment Decoder (IC 7447)**. The decoder converts the BCD values into the appropriate signals to drive the 7-segment display.
+
+Each digit is activated one by one and quickly turned on and off to create the illusion that all digits are lit simultaneously. This process is achieved using the **Multiplexing** technique.
+
+The time increments every second, and after reaching 60 seconds, the minutes increase. If the minutes reach 60, they reset to zero.
+
+---
+
+## Hardware Connections
+
+![Untitled](https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/d4d270d4-0642-4630-af11-df8734856a1c)
+
+
+### Port C (PORTC):
+- Port C is used to send BCD values to the **BCD to 7-Segment Decoder (IC 7447)**.
+- Each BCD value corresponds to a digit (0-9).
+
+| 7448 Pin | Microcontroller Port |
+|---------|----------------------|
+| A       | PC0                  |
+| B       | PC1                  |
+| C       | PC2                  |
+| D       | PC3                  |
+
+### Port D (PORTD):
+- Port D is used to control the common cathodes of each digit.
+- Each pin of Port D is connected to the base of an NPN transistor.
+- The collector of the transistor is connected to the common cathode of a digit on the 7-segment display.
+- The emitter of the transistor is connected to ground (GND).
+
+| input Not Gates | Microcontroller Port |
+|-------------------|----------------------|
+| Gate 1   | PD0                  |
+| Gate 2   | PD1                  |
+| Gate 3   | PD2                  |
+| Gate 4   | PD3                  |
+
+
+| 7-Segment Cathode | output Not Gates |
+|-------------------|----------------------|
+| Digit 1 Cathode   | Gate 1                  |
+| Digit 2 Cathode   | Gate 2                  |
+| Digit 3 Cathode   | Gate 3                  |
+| Digit 4 Cathode   | Gate 4                  |
+
+### BCD to 7-Segment Decoder (IC 7447):
+- The BCD inputs (A, B, C, D) are connected to Port C of the microcontroller.
+- The 7-segment outputs (a, b, c, d, e, f, g) are connected to the corresponding segments of the 7-segment display.
+
+| IC 7447 Pin | 7-Segment Pin |
+|-------------|---------------|
+| QA           | A             |
+| QB           | B             |
+| QC           | C             |
+| QD           | D             |
+| QE           | E             |
+| QF           | F             |
+| QG           | G             |
+
+
+| IC 7447 Pin | Connected to |
+|-------------|---------------|
+| LT           | VCC             |
+| RBI           | VCC             |
+| BI/RBO           | VCC             |
+
+
+
+---
+
+## How to Run the Project
+
+1. **Hardware Connections**: Connect the components as per the tables above.
+2. Compile the project code in a suitable programming environment (e.g., CodeVision or Atmel Studio).
+3. Program the generated HEX file onto the ATmega32 microcontroller.
+4. Power on the circuit and observe the time displayed on the 7-segment display.
+
+![bandicam2025-03-1123-31-47-335-ezgif com-video-to-gif-converter](https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/63f7eec3-4477-42bf-b7cb-46672a03548d)
+
+
+---
+
+## Programming
+
+The code for this project is written in C and uses the `<mega32.h>` and `<delay.h>` libraries. In this code, time is calculated in minutes and seconds, and BCD values are generated for each digit. These BCD values are sent to the **BCD to 7-Segment Decoder (IC 7447)**.
+
+```c
+#include <mega32.h>
+#include <delay.h>
+
+void main(void){
+    int i, j;
+    int seconds = 0;
+    int minutes = 0;
+    int s[4] = {0, 0, 0, 0};
+    DDRD = 0x0f;
+    DDRC = 0x0f;
+    
+    while(1){
+        s[0] = minutes / 10;
+        s[1] = minutes % 10;
+        s[2] = seconds / 10;
+        s[3] = seconds % 10;
+
+        for (j = 0; j < 250; j++) {
+            for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+                PORTD = ~(1 << i);
+                PORTC = s[i];
+                delay_ms(1);
+                PORTC = 0;
+                PORTD = 0;
+            }
+        }
+
+        seconds++;
+        if (seconds >= 60) {
+            seconds = 0;
+            minutes++;
+            if (minutes >= 60) {
+                minutes = 0;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+```
+
+---
+
+## License
+
+This project is licensed under the [MIT License](LICENSE).
+