Archive content of a storage medium properly (rsync --archive) and keep metadata data and clock synced properly

[Anhsirkz]

Hello,

I did rsync --archive path/mount/sd path/of on a Linux machine (fedora) and on a Mac. The metadata fields of the copied files do not match. What should I do?
What can one do to properly copy or archive camera SD card files such as pictures to his computer while retaining the proper metadata?

The workflow should look like this:

1. Rsync -a the files to a user's computer.
2. Somehow make sure that the metadata wasn't changed and cannot be changed afterwards anymore so easily by some process.
3. Delete the content on the SD card or format it.
4. Take new pictures.

How can a user change his media files afterwards when the date on his camera has been out of sync before taking a picture. Maybe with Exif-tool? How would one do it?

Thanks