sched/fair: Scale bandwidth quota and period without losing quota/period ratio precision

The quota/period ratio is used to ensure a child task group won't get
more bandwidth than the parent task group, and is calculated as:

  normalized_cfs_quota() = [(quota_us << 20) / period_us]

If the quota/period ratio was changed during this scaling due to
precision loss, it will cause inconsistency between parent and child
task groups.

See below example:

A userspace container manager (kubelet) does three operations:

 1) Create a parent cgroup, set quota to 1,000us and period to 10,000us.
 2) Create a few children cgroups.
 3) Set quota to 1,000us and period to 10,000us on a child cgroup.

These operations are expected to succeed. However, if the scaling of
147/128 happens before step 3, quota and period of the parent cgroup
will be changed:

  new_quota: 1148437ns,   1148us
 new_period: 11484375ns, 11484us

And when step 3 comes in, the ratio of the child cgroup will be
104857, which will be larger than the parent cgroup ratio (104821),
and will fail.

Scaling them by a factor of 2 will fix the problem.

Tested-by: Phil Auld <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Xuewei Zhang <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <[email protected]>
Acked-by: Phil Auld <[email protected]>
Cc: Anton Blanchard <[email protected]>
Cc: Ben Segall <[email protected]>
Cc: Dietmar Eggemann <[email protected]>
Cc: Juri Lelli <[email protected]>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <[email protected]>
Cc: Mel Gorman <[email protected]>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <[email protected]>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <[email protected]>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <[email protected]>
Cc: Vincent Guittot <[email protected]>
Fixes: 2e8e192 ("sched/fair: Limit sched_cfs_period_timer() loop to avoid hard lockup")
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/[email protected]
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <[email protected]>

Author: Xuewei Zhang

kernel/sched/fair.c

@@ -4926,20 +4926,28 @@ static enum hrtimer_restart sched_cfs_period_timer(struct hrtimer *timer)
 		if (++count > 3) {
 			u64 new, old = ktime_to_ns(cfs_b->period);
 
-			new = (old * 147) / 128; /* ~115% */
-			new = min(new, max_cfs_quota_period);
-
-			cfs_b->period = ns_to_ktime(new);
-
-			/* since max is 1s, this is limited to 1e9^2, which fits in u64 */
-			cfs_b->quota *= new;
-			cfs_b->quota = div64_u64(cfs_b->quota, old);
-
-			pr_warn_ratelimited(
-	"cfs_period_timer[cpu%d]: period too short, scaling up (new cfs_period_us %lld, cfs_quota_us = %lld)\n",
-				smp_processor_id(),
-				div_u64(new, NSEC_PER_USEC),
-				div_u64(cfs_b->quota, NSEC_PER_USEC));
+			/*
+			 * Grow period by a factor of 2 to avoid losing precision.
+			 * Precision loss in the quota/period ratio can cause __cfs_schedulable
+			 * to fail.
+			 */
+			new = old * 2;
+			if (new < max_cfs_quota_period) {
+				cfs_b->period = ns_to_ktime(new);
+				cfs_b->quota *= 2;
+
+				pr_warn_ratelimited(
+	"cfs_period_timer[cpu%d]: period too short, scaling up (new cfs_period_us = %lld, cfs_quota_us = %lld)\n",
+					smp_processor_id(),
+					div_u64(new, NSEC_PER_USEC),
+					div_u64(cfs_b->quota, NSEC_PER_USEC));
+			} else {
+				pr_warn_ratelimited(
+	"cfs_period_timer[cpu%d]: period too short, but cannot scale up without losing precision (cfs_period_us = %lld, cfs_quota_us = %lld)\n",
+					smp_processor_id(),
+					div_u64(old, NSEC_PER_USEC),
+					div_u64(cfs_b->quota, NSEC_PER_USEC));
+			}
 
 			/* reset count so we don't come right back in here */
 			count = 0;