Documentation: kunit: add tips.rst for small examples

./usage.rst contains fairly long examples and explanations of things
like how to fake a class and how to use parameterized tests (and how you
could do table-driven tests yourself).

It's not exactly necessary information, so we add a new page with more
digestible tips like "use kunit_kzalloc() instead of kzalloc() so you
don't have to worry about calling kfree() yourself" and the like.

Change start.rst to point users to this new page first and let them know
that usage.rst is more of optional further reading.

Signed-off-by: Daniel Latypov <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Brendan Higgins <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Shuah Khan <[email protected]>

Author: dlatypov

Documentation/dev-tools/kunit/index.rst

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ KUnit - Unit Testing for the Linux Kernel
 	api/index
 	style
 	faq
+	tips
 
 What is KUnit?
 ==============
@@ -88,6 +89,7 @@ How do I use it?
 ================
 
 *   :doc:`start` - for new users of KUnit
+*   :doc:`tips` - for short examples of best practices
 *   :doc:`usage` - for a more detailed explanation of KUnit features
 *   :doc:`api/index` - for the list of KUnit APIs used for testing
 *   :doc:`kunit-tool` - for more information on the kunit_tool helper script

Documentation/dev-tools/kunit/start.rst

@@ -234,5 +234,7 @@ Congrats! You just wrote your first KUnit test!
 
 Next Steps
 ==========
-*   Check out the :doc:`usage` page for a more
+*   Check out the :doc:`tips` page for tips on
+    writing idiomatic KUnit tests.
+*   Optional: see the :doc:`usage` page for a more
     in-depth explanation of KUnit.

Documentation/dev-tools/kunit/tips.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+============================
+Tips For Writing KUnit Tests
+============================
+
+Exiting early on failed expectations
+------------------------------------
+
+``KUNIT_EXPECT_EQ`` and friends will mark the test as failed and continue
+execution.  In some cases, it's unsafe to continue and you can use the
+``KUNIT_ASSERT`` variant to exit on failure.
+
+.. code-block:: c
+
+	void example_test_user_alloc_function(struct kunit *test)
+	{
+		void *object = alloc_some_object_for_me();
+
+		/* Make sure we got a valid pointer back. */
+		KUNIT_ASSERT_NOT_ERR_OR_NULL(test, object);
+		do_something_with_object(object);
+	}
+
+Allocating memory
+-----------------
+
+Where you would use ``kzalloc``, you should prefer ``kunit_kzalloc`` instead.
+KUnit will ensure the memory is freed once the test completes.
+
+This is particularly useful since it lets you use the ``KUNIT_ASSERT_EQ``
+macros to exit early from a test without having to worry about remembering to
+call ``kfree``.
+
+Example:
+
+.. code-block:: c
+
+	void example_test_allocation(struct kunit *test)
+	{
+		char *buffer = kunit_kzalloc(test, 16, GFP_KERNEL);
+		/* Ensure allocation succeeded. */
+		KUNIT_ASSERT_NOT_ERR_OR_NULL(test, buffer);
+
+		KUNIT_ASSERT_STREQ(test, buffer, "");
+	}
+
+
+Testing static functions
+------------------------
+
+If you don't want to expose functions or variables just for testing, one option
+is to conditionally ``#include`` the test file at the end of your .c file, e.g.
+
+.. code-block:: c
+
+	/* In my_file.c */
+
+	static int do_interesting_thing();
+
+	#ifdef CONFIG_MY_KUNIT_TEST
+	#include "my_kunit_test.c"
+	#endif
+
+Injecting test-only code
+------------------------
+
+Similarly to the above, it can be useful to add test-specific logic.
+
+.. code-block:: c
+
+	/* In my_file.h */
+
+	#ifdef CONFIG_MY_KUNIT_TEST
+	/* Defined in my_kunit_test.c */
+	void test_only_hook(void);
+	#else
+	void test_only_hook(void) { }
+	#endif
+
+TODO([email protected]): add an example of using ``current->kunit_test`` in
+such a hook when it's not only updated for ``CONFIG_KASAN=y``.
+
+Customizing error messages
+--------------------------
+
+Each of the ``KUNIT_EXPECT`` and ``KUNIT_ASSERT`` macros have a ``_MSG`` variant.
+These take a format string and arguments to provide additional context to the automatically generated error messages.
+
+.. code-block:: c
+
+	char some_str[41];
+	generate_sha1_hex_string(some_str);
+
+	/* Before. Not easy to tell why the test failed. */
+	KUNIT_EXPECT_EQ(test, strlen(some_str), 40);
+
+	/* After. Now we see the offending string. */
+	KUNIT_EXPECT_EQ_MSG(test, strlen(some_str), 40, "some_str='%s'", some_str);
+
+Alternatively, one can take full control over the error message by using ``KUNIT_FAIL()``, e.g.
+
+.. code-block:: c
+
+	/* Before */
+	KUNIT_EXPECT_EQ(test, some_setup_function(), 0);
+
+	/* After: full control over the failure message. */
+	if (some_setup_function())
+		KUNIT_FAIL(test, "Failed to setup thing for testing");
+
+Next Steps
+==========
+*   Optional: see the :doc:`usage` page for a more
+    in-depth explanation of KUnit.