Merge branch 'akpm' (patches from Andrew)

Pull updates from Andrew Morton:
 "Most of -mm and quite a number of other subsystems: hotfixes, scripts,
  ocfs2, misc, lib, binfmt, init, reiserfs, exec, dma-mapping, kcov.

  MM is fairly quiet this time.  Holidays, I assume"

* emailed patches from Andrew Morton <[email protected]>: (118 commits)
  kcov: ignore fault-inject and stacktrace
  include/linux/io-mapping.h-mapping: use PHYS_PFN() macro in io_mapping_map_atomic_wc()
  execve: warn if process starts with executable stack
  reiserfs: prevent NULL pointer dereference in reiserfs_insert_item()
  init/main.c: fix misleading "This architecture does not have kernel memory protection" message
  init/main.c: fix quoted value handling in unknown_bootoption
  init/main.c: remove unnecessary repair_env_string in do_initcall_level
  init/main.c: log arguments and environment passed to init
  fs/binfmt_elf.c: coredump: allow process with empty address space to coredump
  fs/binfmt_elf.c: coredump: delete duplicated overflow check
  fs/binfmt_elf.c: coredump: allocate core ELF header on stack
  fs/binfmt_elf.c: make BAD_ADDR() unlikely
  fs/binfmt_elf.c: better codegen around current->mm
  fs/binfmt_elf.c: don't copy ELF header around
  fs/binfmt_elf.c: fix ->start_code calculation
  fs/binfmt_elf.c: smaller code generation around auxv vector fill
  lib/find_bit.c: uninline helper _find_next_bit()
  lib/find_bit.c: join _find_next_bit{_le}
  uapi: rename ext2_swab() to swab() and share globally in swab.h
  lib/scatterlist.c: adjust indentation in __sg_alloc_table
  ...

Author: torvalds

Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt

@@ -834,6 +834,18 @@
 			dump out devices still on the deferred probe list after
 			retrying.
 
+	dfltcc=		[HW,S390]
+			Format: { on | off | def_only | inf_only | always }
+			on:       s390 zlib hardware support for compression on
+			          level 1 and decompression (default)
+			off:      No s390 zlib hardware support
+			def_only: s390 zlib hardware support for deflate
+			          only (compression on level 1)
+			inf_only: s390 zlib hardware support for inflate
+			          only (decompression)
+			always:   Same as 'on' but ignores the selected compression
+			          level always using hardware support (used for debugging)
+
 	dhash_entries=	[KNL]
 			Set number of hash buckets for dentry cache.
 

Documentation/core-api/index.rst

@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ Core utilities
    generic-radix-tree
    memory-allocation
    mm-api
+   pin_user_pages
    gfp_mask-from-fs-io
    timekeeping
    boot-time-mm

Documentation/core-api/pin_user_pages.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,232 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+====================================================
+pin_user_pages() and related calls
+====================================================
+
+.. contents:: :local:
+
+Overview
+========
+
+This document describes the following functions::
+
+ pin_user_pages()
+ pin_user_pages_fast()
+ pin_user_pages_remote()
+
+Basic description of FOLL_PIN
+=============================
+
+FOLL_PIN and FOLL_LONGTERM are flags that can be passed to the get_user_pages*()
+("gup") family of functions. FOLL_PIN has significant interactions and
+interdependencies with FOLL_LONGTERM, so both are covered here.
+
+FOLL_PIN is internal to gup, meaning that it should not appear at the gup call
+sites. This allows the associated wrapper functions  (pin_user_pages*() and
+others) to set the correct combination of these flags, and to check for problems
+as well.
+
+FOLL_LONGTERM, on the other hand, *is* allowed to be set at the gup call sites.
+This is in order to avoid creating a large number of wrapper functions to cover
+all combinations of get*(), pin*(), FOLL_LONGTERM, and more. Also, the
+pin_user_pages*() APIs are clearly distinct from the get_user_pages*() APIs, so
+that's a natural dividing line, and a good point to make separate wrapper calls.
+In other words, use pin_user_pages*() for DMA-pinned pages, and
+get_user_pages*() for other cases. There are four cases described later on in
+this document, to further clarify that concept.
+
+FOLL_PIN and FOLL_GET are mutually exclusive for a given gup call. However,
+multiple threads and call sites are free to pin the same struct pages, via both
+FOLL_PIN and FOLL_GET. It's just the call site that needs to choose one or the
+other, not the struct page(s).
+
+The FOLL_PIN implementation is nearly the same as FOLL_GET, except that FOLL_PIN
+uses a different reference counting technique.
+
+FOLL_PIN is a prerequisite to FOLL_LONGTERM. Another way of saying that is,
+FOLL_LONGTERM is a specific case, more restrictive case of FOLL_PIN.
+
+Which flags are set by each wrapper
+===================================
+
+For these pin_user_pages*() functions, FOLL_PIN is OR'd in with whatever gup
+flags the caller provides. The caller is required to pass in a non-null struct
+pages* array, and the function then pin pages by incrementing each by a special
+value. For now, that value is +1, just like get_user_pages*().::
+
+ Function
+ --------
+ pin_user_pages          FOLL_PIN is always set internally by this function.
+ pin_user_pages_fast     FOLL_PIN is always set internally by this function.
+ pin_user_pages_remote   FOLL_PIN is always set internally by this function.
+
+For these get_user_pages*() functions, FOLL_GET might not even be specified.
+Behavior is a little more complex than above. If FOLL_GET was *not* specified,
+but the caller passed in a non-null struct pages* array, then the function
+sets FOLL_GET for you, and proceeds to pin pages by incrementing the refcount
+of each page by +1.::
+
+ Function
+ --------
+ get_user_pages           FOLL_GET is sometimes set internally by this function.
+ get_user_pages_fast      FOLL_GET is sometimes set internally by this function.
+ get_user_pages_remote    FOLL_GET is sometimes set internally by this function.
+
+Tracking dma-pinned pages
+=========================
+
+Some of the key design constraints, and solutions, for tracking dma-pinned
+pages:
+
+* An actual reference count, per struct page, is required. This is because
+  multiple processes may pin and unpin a page.
+
+* False positives (reporting that a page is dma-pinned, when in fact it is not)
+  are acceptable, but false negatives are not.
+
+* struct page may not be increased in size for this, and all fields are already
+  used.
+
+* Given the above, we can overload the page->_refcount field by using, sort of,
+  the upper bits in that field for a dma-pinned count. "Sort of", means that,
+  rather than dividing page->_refcount into bit fields, we simple add a medium-
+  large value (GUP_PIN_COUNTING_BIAS, initially chosen to be 1024: 10 bits) to
+  page->_refcount. This provides fuzzy behavior: if a page has get_page() called
+  on it 1024 times, then it will appear to have a single dma-pinned count.
+  And again, that's acceptable.
+
+This also leads to limitations: there are only 31-10==21 bits available for a
+counter that increments 10 bits at a time.
+
+TODO: for 1GB and larger huge pages, this is cutting it close. That's because
+when pin_user_pages() follows such pages, it increments the head page by "1"
+(where "1" used to mean "+1" for get_user_pages(), but now means "+1024" for
+pin_user_pages()) for each tail page. So if you have a 1GB huge page:
+
+* There are 256K (18 bits) worth of 4 KB tail pages.
+* There are 21 bits available to count up via GUP_PIN_COUNTING_BIAS (that is,
+  10 bits at a time)
+* There are 21 - 18 == 3 bits available to count. Except that there aren't,
+  because you need to allow for a few normal get_page() calls on the head page,
+  as well. Fortunately, the approach of using addition, rather than "hard"
+  bitfields, within page->_refcount, allows for sharing these bits gracefully.
+  But we're still looking at about 8 references.
+
+This, however, is a missing feature more than anything else, because it's easily
+solved by addressing an obvious inefficiency in the original get_user_pages()
+approach of retrieving pages: stop treating all the pages as if they were
+PAGE_SIZE. Retrieve huge pages as huge pages. The callers need to be aware of
+this, so some work is required. Once that's in place, this limitation mostly
+disappears from view, because there will be ample refcounting range available.
+
+* Callers must specifically request "dma-pinned tracking of pages". In other
+  words, just calling get_user_pages() will not suffice; a new set of functions,
+  pin_user_page() and related, must be used.
+
+FOLL_PIN, FOLL_GET, FOLL_LONGTERM: when to use which flags
+==========================================================
+
+Thanks to Jan Kara, Vlastimil Babka and several other -mm people, for describing
+these categories:
+
+CASE 1: Direct IO (DIO)
+-----------------------
+There are GUP references to pages that are serving
+as DIO buffers. These buffers are needed for a relatively short time (so they
+are not "long term"). No special synchronization with page_mkclean() or
+munmap() is provided. Therefore, flags to set at the call site are: ::
+
+    FOLL_PIN
+
+...but rather than setting FOLL_PIN directly, call sites should use one of
+the pin_user_pages*() routines that set FOLL_PIN.
+
+CASE 2: RDMA
+------------
+There are GUP references to pages that are serving as DMA
+buffers. These buffers are needed for a long time ("long term"). No special
+synchronization with page_mkclean() or munmap() is provided. Therefore, flags
+to set at the call site are: ::
+
+    FOLL_PIN | FOLL_LONGTERM
+
+NOTE: Some pages, such as DAX pages, cannot be pinned with longterm pins. That's
+because DAX pages do not have a separate page cache, and so "pinning" implies
+locking down file system blocks, which is not (yet) supported in that way.
+
+CASE 3: Hardware with page faulting support
+-------------------------------------------
+Here, a well-written driver doesn't normally need to pin pages at all. However,
+if the driver does choose to do so, it can register MMU notifiers for the range,
+and will be called back upon invalidation. Either way (avoiding page pinning, or
+using MMU notifiers to unpin upon request), there is proper synchronization with
+both filesystem and mm (page_mkclean(), munmap(), etc).
+
+Therefore, neither flag needs to be set.
+
+In this case, ideally, neither get_user_pages() nor pin_user_pages() should be
+called. Instead, the software should be written so that it does not pin pages.
+This allows mm and filesystems to operate more efficiently and reliably.
+
+CASE 4: Pinning for struct page manipulation only
+-------------------------------------------------
+Here, normal GUP calls are sufficient, so neither flag needs to be set.
+
+page_dma_pinned(): the whole point of pinning
+=============================================
+
+The whole point of marking pages as "DMA-pinned" or "gup-pinned" is to be able
+to query, "is this page DMA-pinned?" That allows code such as page_mkclean()
+(and file system writeback code in general) to make informed decisions about
+what to do when a page cannot be unmapped due to such pins.
+
+What to do in those cases is the subject of a years-long series of discussions
+and debates (see the References at the end of this document). It's a TODO item
+here: fill in the details once that's worked out. Meanwhile, it's safe to say
+that having this available: ::
+
+        static inline bool page_dma_pinned(struct page *page)
+
+...is a prerequisite to solving the long-running gup+DMA problem.
+
+Another way of thinking about FOLL_GET, FOLL_PIN, and FOLL_LONGTERM
+===================================================================
+
+Another way of thinking about these flags is as a progression of restrictions:
+FOLL_GET is for struct page manipulation, without affecting the data that the
+struct page refers to. FOLL_PIN is a *replacement* for FOLL_GET, and is for
+short term pins on pages whose data *will* get accessed. As such, FOLL_PIN is
+a "more severe" form of pinning. And finally, FOLL_LONGTERM is an even more
+restrictive case that has FOLL_PIN as a prerequisite: this is for pages that
+will be pinned longterm, and whose data will be accessed.
+
+Unit testing
+============
+This file::
+
+ tools/testing/selftests/vm/gup_benchmark.c
+
+has the following new calls to exercise the new pin*() wrapper functions:
+
+* PIN_FAST_BENCHMARK (./gup_benchmark -a)
+* PIN_BENCHMARK (./gup_benchmark -b)
+
+You can monitor how many total dma-pinned pages have been acquired and released
+since the system was booted, via two new /proc/vmstat entries: ::
+
+    /proc/vmstat/nr_foll_pin_requested
+    /proc/vmstat/nr_foll_pin_requested
+
+Those are both going to show zero, unless CONFIG_DEBUG_VM is set. This is
+because there is a noticeable performance drop in unpin_user_page(), when they
+are activated.
+
+References
+==========
+
+* `Some slow progress on get_user_pages() (Apr 2, 2019) <https://lwn.net/Articles/784574/>`_
+* `DMA and get_user_pages() (LPC: Dec 12, 2018) <https://lwn.net/Articles/774411/>`_
+* `The trouble with get_user_pages() (Apr 30, 2018) <https://lwn.net/Articles/753027/>`_
+
+John Hubbard, October, 2019

Documentation/vm/zswap.rst

@@ -130,6 +130,19 @@ checking for the same-value filled pages during store operation. However, the
 existing pages which are marked as same-value filled pages remain stored
 unchanged in zswap until they are either loaded or invalidated.
 
+To prevent zswap from shrinking pool when zswap is full and there's a high
+pressure on swap (this will result in flipping pages in and out zswap pool
+without any real benefit but with a performance drop for the system), a
+special parameter has been introduced to implement a sort of hysteresis to
+refuse taking pages into zswap pool until it has sufficient space if the limit
+has been hit. To set the threshold at which zswap would start accepting pages
+again after it became full, use the sysfs ``accept_threhsold_percent``
+attribute, e. g.::
+
+	echo 80 > /sys/module/zswap/parameters/accept_threhsold_percent
+
+Setting this parameter to 100 will disable the hysteresis.
+
 A debugfs interface is provided for various statistic about pool size, number
 of pages stored, same-value filled pages and various counters for the reasons
 pages are rejected.

arch/powerpc/mm/book3s64/iommu_api.c

@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ static long mm_iommu_do_alloc(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long ua,
 	for (entry = 0; entry < entries; entry += chunk) {
 		unsigned long n = min(entries - entry, chunk);
 
-		ret = get_user_pages(ua + (entry << PAGE_SHIFT), n,
+		ret = pin_user_pages(ua + (entry << PAGE_SHIFT), n,
 				FOLL_WRITE | FOLL_LONGTERM,
 				mem->hpages + entry, NULL);
 		if (ret == n) {
@@ -167,9 +167,8 @@ static long mm_iommu_do_alloc(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long ua,
 	return 0;
 
 free_exit:
-	/* free the reference taken */
-	for (i = 0; i < pinned; i++)
-		put_page(mem->hpages[i]);
+	/* free the references taken */
+	unpin_user_pages(mem->hpages, pinned);
 
 	vfree(mem->hpas);
 	kfree(mem);
@@ -215,7 +214,8 @@ static void mm_iommu_unpin(struct mm_iommu_table_group_mem_t *mem)
 		if (mem->hpas[i] & MM_IOMMU_TABLE_GROUP_PAGE_DIRTY)
 			SetPageDirty(page);
 
-		put_page(page);
+		unpin_user_page(page);
+
 		mem->hpas[i] = 0;
 	}
 }

arch/s390/boot/compressed/decompressor.c

@@ -30,13 +30,13 @@ extern unsigned char _compressed_start[];
 extern unsigned char _compressed_end[];
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_KERNEL_BZIP2
-#define HEAP_SIZE	0x400000
+#define BOOT_HEAP_SIZE	0x400000
 #else
-#define HEAP_SIZE	0x10000
+#define BOOT_HEAP_SIZE	0x10000
 #endif
 
 static unsigned long free_mem_ptr = (unsigned long) _end;
-static unsigned long free_mem_end_ptr = (unsigned long) _end + HEAP_SIZE;
+static unsigned long free_mem_end_ptr = (unsigned long) _end + BOOT_HEAP_SIZE;
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_KERNEL_GZIP
 #include "../../../../lib/decompress_inflate.c"
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ static unsigned long free_mem_end_ptr = (unsigned long) _end + HEAP_SIZE;
 #include "../../../../lib/decompress_unxz.c"
 #endif
 
-#define decompress_offset ALIGN((unsigned long)_end + HEAP_SIZE, PAGE_SIZE)
+#define decompress_offset ALIGN((unsigned long)_end + BOOT_HEAP_SIZE, PAGE_SIZE)
 
 unsigned long mem_safe_offset(void)
 {

arch/s390/boot/ipl_parm.c

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 char __bootdata(early_command_line)[COMMAND_LINE_SIZE];
 struct ipl_parameter_block __bootdata_preserved(ipl_block);
 int __bootdata_preserved(ipl_block_valid);
+unsigned int __bootdata_preserved(zlib_dfltcc_support) = ZLIB_DFLTCC_FULL;
 
 unsigned long __bootdata(vmalloc_size) = VMALLOC_DEFAULT_SIZE;
 unsigned long __bootdata(memory_end);
@@ -229,6 +230,19 @@ void parse_boot_command_line(void)
 		if (!strcmp(param, "vmalloc") && val)
 			vmalloc_size = round_up(memparse(val, NULL), PAGE_SIZE);
 
+		if (!strcmp(param, "dfltcc")) {
+			if (!strcmp(val, "off"))
+				zlib_dfltcc_support = ZLIB_DFLTCC_DISABLED;
+			else if (!strcmp(val, "on"))
+				zlib_dfltcc_support = ZLIB_DFLTCC_FULL;
+			else if (!strcmp(val, "def_only"))
+				zlib_dfltcc_support = ZLIB_DFLTCC_DEFLATE_ONLY;
+			else if (!strcmp(val, "inf_only"))
+				zlib_dfltcc_support = ZLIB_DFLTCC_INFLATE_ONLY;
+			else if (!strcmp(val, "always"))
+				zlib_dfltcc_support = ZLIB_DFLTCC_FULL_DEBUG;
+		}
+
 		if (!strcmp(param, "noexec")) {
 			rc = kstrtobool(val, &enabled);
 			if (!rc && !enabled)

arch/s390/include/asm/setup.h

@@ -79,6 +79,13 @@ struct parmarea {
 	char command_line[ARCH_COMMAND_LINE_SIZE];	/* 0x10480 */
 };
 
+extern unsigned int zlib_dfltcc_support;
+#define ZLIB_DFLTCC_DISABLED		0
+#define ZLIB_DFLTCC_FULL		1
+#define ZLIB_DFLTCC_DEFLATE_ONLY	2
+#define ZLIB_DFLTCC_INFLATE_ONLY	3
+#define ZLIB_DFLTCC_FULL_DEBUG		4
+
 extern int noexec_disabled;
 extern int memory_end_set;
 extern unsigned long memory_end;