Documentation: ACPI: move ssdt-overlays.txt to admin-guide/acpi and convert to reST

This converts the plain text documentation to reStructuredText format
and adds it to Sphinx TOC tree.

No essential content change.

Signed-off-by: Changbin Du <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <[email protected]>

Author: changbindu

Documentation/acpi/ssdt-overlays.txt

@@ -10,4 +10,5 @@ the Linux ACPI support.
 
    initrd_table_override
    dsdt-override
+   ssdt-overlays
    cppc_sysfs

Documentation/admin-guide/acpi/index.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,180 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+=============
+SSDT Overlays
+=============
+
+In order to support ACPI open-ended hardware configurations (e.g. development
+boards) we need a way to augment the ACPI configuration provided by the firmware
+image. A common example is connecting sensors on I2C / SPI buses on development
+boards.
+
+Although this can be accomplished by creating a kernel platform driver or
+recompiling the firmware image with updated ACPI tables, neither is practical:
+the former proliferates board specific kernel code while the latter requires
+access to firmware tools which are often not publicly available.
+
+Because ACPI supports external references in AML code a more practical
+way to augment firmware ACPI configuration is by dynamically loading
+user defined SSDT tables that contain the board specific information.
+
+For example, to enumerate a Bosch BMA222E accelerometer on the I2C bus of the
+Minnowboard MAX development board exposed via the LSE connector [1], the
+following ASL code can be used::
+
+    DefinitionBlock ("minnowmax.aml", "SSDT", 1, "Vendor", "Accel", 0x00000003)
+    {
+        External (\_SB.I2C6, DeviceObj)
+
+        Scope (\_SB.I2C6)
+        {
+            Device (STAC)
+            {
+                Name (_ADR, Zero)
+                Name (_HID, "BMA222E")
+
+                Method (_CRS, 0, Serialized)
+                {
+                    Name (RBUF, ResourceTemplate ()
+                    {
+                        I2cSerialBus (0x0018, ControllerInitiated, 0x00061A80,
+                                    AddressingMode7Bit, "\\_SB.I2C6", 0x00,
+                                    ResourceConsumer, ,)
+                        GpioInt (Edge, ActiveHigh, Exclusive, PullDown, 0x0000,
+                                "\\_SB.GPO2", 0x00, ResourceConsumer, , )
+                        { // Pin list
+                            0
+                        }
+                    })
+                    Return (RBUF)
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+which can then be compiled to AML binary format::
+
+    $ iasl minnowmax.asl
+
+    Intel ACPI Component Architecture
+    ASL Optimizing Compiler version 20140214-64 [Mar 29 2014]
+    Copyright (c) 2000 - 2014 Intel Corporation
+
+    ASL Input:     minnomax.asl - 30 lines, 614 bytes, 7 keywords
+    AML Output:    minnowmax.aml - 165 bytes, 6 named objects, 1 executable opcodes
+
+[1] http://wiki.minnowboard.org/MinnowBoard_MAX#Low_Speed_Expansion_Connector_.28Top.29
+
+The resulting AML code can then be loaded by the kernel using one of the methods
+below.
+
+Loading ACPI SSDTs from initrd
+==============================
+
+This option allows loading of user defined SSDTs from initrd and it is useful
+when the system does not support EFI or when there is not enough EFI storage.
+
+It works in a similar way with initrd based ACPI tables override/upgrade: SSDT
+aml code must be placed in the first, uncompressed, initrd under the
+"kernel/firmware/acpi" path. Multiple files can be used and this will translate
+in loading multiple tables. Only SSDT and OEM tables are allowed. See
+initrd_table_override.txt for more details.
+
+Here is an example::
+
+    # Add the raw ACPI tables to an uncompressed cpio archive.
+    # They must be put into a /kernel/firmware/acpi directory inside the
+    # cpio archive.
+    # The uncompressed cpio archive must be the first.
+    # Other, typically compressed cpio archives, must be
+    # concatenated on top of the uncompressed one.
+    mkdir -p kernel/firmware/acpi
+    cp ssdt.aml kernel/firmware/acpi
+
+    # Create the uncompressed cpio archive and concatenate the original initrd
+    # on top:
+    find kernel | cpio -H newc --create > /boot/instrumented_initrd
+    cat /boot/initrd >>/boot/instrumented_initrd
+
+Loading ACPI SSDTs from EFI variables
+=====================================
+
+This is the preferred method, when EFI is supported on the platform, because it
+allows a persistent, OS independent way of storing the user defined SSDTs. There
+is also work underway to implement EFI support for loading user defined SSDTs
+and using this method will make it easier to convert to the EFI loading
+mechanism when that will arrive.
+
+In order to load SSDTs from an EFI variable the efivar_ssdt kernel command line
+parameter can be used. The argument for the option is the variable name to
+use. If there are multiple variables with the same name but with different
+vendor GUIDs, all of them will be loaded.
+
+In order to store the AML code in an EFI variable the efivarfs filesystem can be
+used. It is enabled and mounted by default in /sys/firmware/efi/efivars in all
+recent distribution.
+
+Creating a new file in /sys/firmware/efi/efivars will automatically create a new
+EFI variable. Updating a file in /sys/firmware/efi/efivars will update the EFI
+variable. Please note that the file name needs to be specially formatted as
+"Name-GUID" and that the first 4 bytes in the file (little-endian format)
+represent the attributes of the EFI variable (see EFI_VARIABLE_MASK in
+include/linux/efi.h). Writing to the file must also be done with one write
+operation.
+
+For example, you can use the following bash script to create/update an EFI
+variable with the content from a given file::
+
+    #!/bin/sh -e
+
+    while ! [ -z "$1" ]; do
+            case "$1" in
+            "-f") filename="$2"; shift;;
+            "-g") guid="$2"; shift;;
+            *) name="$1";;
+            esac
+            shift
+    done
+
+    usage()
+    {
+            echo "Syntax: ${0##*/} -f filename [ -g guid ] name"
+            exit 1
+    }
+
+    [ -n "$name" -a -f "$filename" ] || usage
+
+    EFIVARFS="/sys/firmware/efi/efivars"
+
+    [ -d "$EFIVARFS" ] || exit 2
+
+    if stat -tf $EFIVARFS | grep -q -v de5e81e4; then
+            mount -t efivarfs none $EFIVARFS
+    fi
+
+    # try to pick up an existing GUID
+    [ -n "$guid" ] || guid=$(find "$EFIVARFS" -name "$name-*" | head -n1 | cut -f2- -d-)
+
+    # use a randomly generated GUID
+    [ -n "$guid" ] || guid="$(cat /proc/sys/kernel/random/uuid)"
+
+    # efivarfs expects all of the data in one write
+    tmp=$(mktemp)
+    /bin/echo -ne "\007\000\000\000" | cat - $filename > $tmp
+    dd if=$tmp of="$EFIVARFS/$name-$guid" bs=$(stat -c %s $tmp)
+    rm $tmp
+
+Loading ACPI SSDTs from configfs
+================================
+
+This option allows loading of user defined SSDTs from userspace via the configfs
+interface. The CONFIG_ACPI_CONFIGFS option must be select and configfs must be
+mounted. In the following examples, we assume that configfs has been mounted in
+/config.
+
+New tables can be loading by creating new directories in /config/acpi/table/ and
+writing the SSDT aml code in the aml attribute::
+
+    cd /config/acpi/table
+    mkdir my_ssdt
+    cat ~/ssdt.aml > my_ssdt/aml