mm/filemap: add read support for RWF_DONTCACHE

Add RWF_DONTCACHE as a read operation flag, which means that any data read
wil be removed from the page cache upon completion.  Uses the page cache
to synchronize, and simply prunes folios that were instantiated when the
operation completes.  While it would be possible to use private pages for
this, using the page cache as synchronization is handy for a variety of
reasons:

1) No special truncate magic is needed
2) Async buffered reads need some place to serialize, using the page
   cache is a lot easier than writing extra code for this
3) The pruning cost is pretty reasonable

and the code to support this is much simpler as a result.

You can think of uncached buffered IO as being the much more attractive
cousin of O_DIRECT - it has none of the restrictions of O_DIRECT.  Yes, it
will copy the data, but unlike regular buffered IO, it doesn't run into
the unpredictability of the page cache in terms of reclaim.  As an
example, on a test box with 32 drives, reading them with buffered IO looks
as follows:

Reading bs 65536, uncached 0
  1s: 145945MB/sec
  2s: 158067MB/sec
  3s: 157007MB/sec
  4s: 148622MB/sec
  5s: 118824MB/sec
  6s: 70494MB/sec
  7s: 41754MB/sec
  8s: 90811MB/sec
  9s: 92204MB/sec
 10s: 95178MB/sec
 11s: 95488MB/sec
 12s: 95552MB/sec
 13s: 96275MB/sec

where it's quite easy to see where the page cache filled up, and
performance went from good to erratic, and finally settles at a much
lower rate. Looking at top while this is ongoing, we see:

 PID USER      PR  NI    VIRT    RES    SHR S  %CPU  %MEM     TIME+ COMMAND
7535 root      20   0  267004      0      0 S  3199   0.0   8:40.65 uncached
3326 root      20   0       0      0      0 R 100.0   0.0   0:16.40 kswapd4
3327 root      20   0       0      0      0 R 100.0   0.0   0:17.22 kswapd5
3328 root      20   0       0      0      0 R 100.0   0.0   0:13.29 kswapd6
3332 root      20   0       0      0      0 R 100.0   0.0   0:11.11 kswapd10
3339 root      20   0       0      0      0 R 100.0   0.0   0:16.25 kswapd17
3348 root      20   0       0      0      0 R 100.0   0.0   0:16.40 kswapd26
3343 root      20   0       0      0      0 R 100.0   0.0   0:16.30 kswapd21
3344 root      20   0       0      0      0 R 100.0   0.0   0:11.92 kswapd22
3349 root      20   0       0      0      0 R 100.0   0.0   0:16.28 kswapd27
3352 root      20   0       0      0      0 R  99.7   0.0   0:11.89 kswapd30
3353 root      20   0       0      0      0 R  96.7   0.0   0:16.04 kswapd31
3329 root      20   0       0      0      0 R  96.4   0.0   0:11.41 kswapd7
3345 root      20   0       0      0      0 R  96.4   0.0   0:13.40 kswapd23
3330 root      20   0       0      0      0 S  91.1   0.0   0:08.28 kswapd8
3350 root      20   0       0      0      0 S  86.8   0.0   0:11.13 kswapd28
3325 root      20   0       0      0      0 S  76.3   0.0   0:07.43 kswapd3
3341 root      20   0       0      0      0 S  74.7   0.0   0:08.85 kswapd19
3334 root      20   0       0      0      0 S  71.7   0.0   0:10.04 kswapd12
3351 root      20   0       0      0      0 R  60.5   0.0   0:09.59 kswapd29
3323 root      20   0       0      0      0 R  57.6   0.0   0:11.50 kswapd1
[...]

which is just showing a partial list of the 32 kswapd threads that are
running mostly full tilt, burning ~28 full CPU cores.

If the same test case is run with RWF_DONTCACHE set for the buffered read,
the output looks as follows:

Reading bs 65536, uncached 0
  1s: 153144MB/sec
  2s: 156760MB/sec
  3s: 158110MB/sec
  4s: 158009MB/sec
  5s: 158043MB/sec
  6s: 157638MB/sec
  7s: 157999MB/sec
  8s: 158024MB/sec
  9s: 157764MB/sec
 10s: 157477MB/sec
 11s: 157417MB/sec
 12s: 157455MB/sec
 13s: 157233MB/sec
 14s: 156692MB/sec

which is just chugging along at ~155GB/sec of read performance. Looking
at top, we see:

 PID USER      PR  NI    VIRT    RES    SHR S  %CPU  %MEM     TIME+ COMMAND
7961 root      20   0  267004      0      0 S  3180   0.0   5:37.95 uncached
8024 axboe     20   0   14292   4096      0 R   1.0   0.0   0:00.13 top

where just the test app is using CPU, no reclaim is taking place outside
of the main thread.  Not only is performance 65% better, it's also using
half the CPU to do it.

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/[email protected]
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <[email protected]>
Cc: Brian Foster <[email protected]>
Cc: Chris Mason <[email protected]>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <[email protected]>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <[email protected]>
Cc: Kirill A. Shutemov <[email protected]>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <[email protected]>

Author: axboe

mm/filemap.c

@@ -2445,6 +2445,8 @@ static int filemap_create_folio(struct kiocb *iocb, struct folio_batch *fbatch)
 	folio = filemap_alloc_folio(mapping_gfp_mask(mapping), min_order);
 	if (!folio)
 		return -ENOMEM;
+	if (iocb->ki_flags & IOCB_DONTCACHE)
+		__folio_set_dropbehind(folio);
 
 	/*
 	 * Protect against truncate / hole punch. Grabbing invalidate_lock
@@ -2490,6 +2492,8 @@ static int filemap_readahead(struct kiocb *iocb, struct file *file,
 
 	if (iocb->ki_flags & IOCB_NOIO)
 		return -EAGAIN;
+	if (iocb->ki_flags & IOCB_DONTCACHE)
+		ractl.dropbehind = 1;
 	page_cache_async_ra(&ractl, folio, last_index - folio->index);
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -2519,6 +2523,8 @@ static int filemap_get_pages(struct kiocb *iocb, size_t count,
 			return -EAGAIN;
 		if (iocb->ki_flags & IOCB_NOWAIT)
 			flags = memalloc_noio_save();
+		if (iocb->ki_flags & IOCB_DONTCACHE)
+			ractl.dropbehind = 1;
 		page_cache_sync_ra(&ractl, last_index - index);
 		if (iocb->ki_flags & IOCB_NOWAIT)
 			memalloc_noio_restore(flags);
@@ -2566,6 +2572,20 @@ static inline bool pos_same_folio(loff_t pos1, loff_t pos2, struct folio *folio)
 	return (pos1 >> shift == pos2 >> shift);
 }
 
+static void filemap_end_dropbehind_read(struct address_space *mapping,
+					struct folio *folio)
+{
+	if (!folio_test_dropbehind(folio))
+		return;
+	if (folio_test_writeback(folio) || folio_test_dirty(folio))
+		return;
+	if (folio_trylock(folio)) {
+		if (folio_test_clear_dropbehind(folio))
+			folio_unmap_invalidate(mapping, folio, 0);
+		folio_unlock(folio);
+	}
+}
+
 /**
  * filemap_read - Read data from the page cache.
  * @iocb: The iocb to read.
@@ -2679,8 +2699,12 @@ ssize_t filemap_read(struct kiocb *iocb, struct iov_iter *iter,
 			}
 		}
 put_folios:
-		for (i = 0; i < folio_batch_count(&fbatch); i++)
-			folio_put(fbatch.folios[i]);
+		for (i = 0; i < folio_batch_count(&fbatch); i++) {
+			struct folio *folio = fbatch.folios[i];
+
+			filemap_end_dropbehind_read(mapping, folio);
+			folio_put(folio);
+		}
 		folio_batch_init(&fbatch);
 	} while (iov_iter_count(iter) && iocb->ki_pos < isize && !error);
 

mm/swap.c

@@ -448,6 +448,8 @@ static bool lru_gen_clear_refs(struct folio *folio)
  */
 void folio_mark_accessed(struct folio *folio)
 {
+	if (folio_test_dropbehind(folio))
+		return;
 	if (lru_gen_enabled()) {
 		lru_gen_inc_refs(folio);
 		return;