tools/nolibc: Fix missing strlen() definition and infinite loop with gcc-12

When built at -Os, gcc-12 recognizes an strlen() pattern in nolibc_strlen()
and replaces it with a jump to strlen(), which is not defined as a symbol
and breaks compilation. Worse, when the function is called strlen(), the
function is simply replaced with a jump to itself, hence becomes an
infinite loop.

One way to avoid this is to always set -ffreestanding, but the calling
code doesn't know this and there's no way (either via attributes or
pragmas) to globally enable it from include files, effectively leaving
a painful situation for the caller.

Alexey suggested to place an empty asm() statement inside the loop to
stop gcc from recognizing a well-known pattern, which happens to work
pretty fine. At least it allows us to make sure our local definition
is not replaced with a self jump.

The function only needs to be renamed back to strlen() so that the symbol
exists, which implies that nolibc_strlen() which is used on variable
strings has to be declared as a macro that points back to it before the
strlen() macro is redifined.

It was verified to produce valid code with gcc 3.4 to 12.1 at different
optimization levels, and both with constant and variable strings.

In case this problem surfaces again in the future, an alternate approach
consisting in adding an optimize("no-tree-loop-distribute-patterns")
function attribute for gcc>=12 worked as well but is less pretty.

Reported-by: kernel test robot <[email protected]>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/[email protected]
Fixes: 66b6f75 ("rcutorture: Import a copy of nolibc")
Fixes: 96980b8 ("tools/nolibc/string: do not use __builtin_strlen() at -O0")
Cc: "Paul E. McKenney" <[email protected]>
Cc: Alexey Dobriyan <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Willy Tarreau <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <[email protected]>

Author: wtarreau

tools/include/nolibc/string.h

@@ -125,28 +125,31 @@ char *strcpy(char *dst, const char *src)
 }
 
 /* this function is only used with arguments that are not constants or when
- * it's not known because optimizations are disabled.
+ * it's not known because optimizations are disabled. Note that gcc 12
+ * recognizes an strlen() pattern and replaces it with a jump to strlen(),
+ * thus itself, hence the asm() statement below that's meant to disable this
+ * confusing practice.
  */
 static __attribute__((unused))
-size_t nolibc_strlen(const char *str)
+size_t strlen(const char *str)
 {
 	size_t len;
 
-	for (len = 0; str[len]; len++);
+	for (len = 0; str[len]; len++)
+		asm("");
 	return len;
 }
 
 /* do not trust __builtin_constant_p() at -O0, as clang will emit a test and
  * the two branches, then will rely on an external definition of strlen().
  */
 #if defined(__OPTIMIZE__)
+#define nolibc_strlen(x) strlen(x)
 #define strlen(str) ({                          \
 	__builtin_constant_p((str)) ?           \
 		__builtin_strlen((str)) :       \
 		nolibc_strlen((str));           \
 })
-#else
-#define strlen(str) nolibc_strlen((str))
 #endif
 
 static __attribute__((unused))