Documentation: KUnit: Rewrite getting started

Clarify the purpose of kunit_tool and fixed consistency issues

Signed-off-by: Harinder Singh <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Brendan Higgins <[email protected]>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/[email protected]
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <[email protected]>

Author: Harinder Singh

Documentation/dev-tools/kunit/start.rst

@@ -4,132 +4,136 @@
 Getting Started
 ===============
 
-Installing dependencies
+Installing Dependencies
 =======================
-KUnit has the same dependencies as the Linux kernel. As long as you can build
-the kernel, you can run KUnit.
+KUnit has the same dependencies as the Linux kernel. As long as you can
+build the kernel, you can run KUnit.
 
-Running tests with the KUnit Wrapper
-====================================
-Included with KUnit is a simple Python wrapper which runs tests under User Mode
-Linux, and formats the test results.
-
-The wrapper can be run with:
+Running tests with kunit_tool
+=============================
+kunit_tool is a Python script, which configures and builds a kernel, runs
+tests, and formats the test results. From the kernel repository, you
+can run kunit_tool:
 
 .. code-block:: bash
 
 	./tools/testing/kunit/kunit.py run
 
-For more information on this wrapper (also called kunit_tool) check out the
-Documentation/dev-tools/kunit/kunit-tool.rst page.
+For more information on this wrapper, see:
+Documentation/dev-tools/kunit/kunit-tool.rst.
+
+Creating a ``.kunitconfig``
+---------------------------
+
+By default, kunit_tool runs a selection of tests. However, you can specify which
+unit tests to run by creating a ``.kunitconfig`` file with kernel config options
+that enable only a specific set of tests and their dependencies.
+The ``.kunitconfig`` file contains a list of kconfig options which are required
+to run the desired targets. The ``.kunitconfig`` also contains any other test
+specific config options, such as test dependencies. For example: the
+``FAT_FS`` tests - ``FAT_KUNIT_TEST``, depends on
+``FAT_FS``. ``FAT_FS`` can be enabled by selecting either ``MSDOS_FS``
+or ``VFAT_FS``. To run ``FAT_KUNIT_TEST``, the ``.kunitconfig`` has:
 
-Creating a .kunitconfig
------------------------
-If you want to run a specific set of tests (rather than those listed in the
-KUnit defconfig), you can provide Kconfig options in the ``.kunitconfig`` file.
-This file essentially contains the regular Kernel config, with the specific
-test targets as well. The ``.kunitconfig`` should also contain any other config
-options required by the tests.
+.. code-block:: none
+
+	CONFIG_KUNIT=y
+	CONFIG_MSDOS_FS=y
+	CONFIG_FAT_KUNIT_TEST=y
 
-A good starting point for a ``.kunitconfig`` is the KUnit defconfig:
+1. A good starting point for the ``.kunitconfig``, is the KUnit default
+   config. Run the command:
 
 .. code-block:: bash
 
 	cd $PATH_TO_LINUX_REPO
 	cp tools/testing/kunit/configs/default.config .kunitconfig
 
-You can then add any other Kconfig options you wish, e.g.:
+.. note ::
+   You may want to remove CONFIG_KUNIT_ALL_TESTS from the ``.kunitconfig`` as
+   it will enable a number of additional tests that you may not want.
+
+2. You can then add any other Kconfig options, for example:
 
 .. code-block:: none
 
 	CONFIG_LIST_KUNIT_TEST=y
 
-:doc:`kunit_tool <kunit-tool>` will ensure that all config options set in
-``.kunitconfig`` are set in the kernel ``.config`` before running the tests.
-It'll warn you if you haven't included the dependencies of the options you're
-using.
+Before running the tests, kunit_tool ensures that all config options
+set in ``.kunitconfig`` are set in the kernel ``.config``. It will warn
+you if you have not included dependencies for the options used.
 
-.. note::
-   Note that removing something from the ``.kunitconfig`` will not trigger a
-   rebuild of the ``.config`` file: the configuration is only updated if the
-   ``.kunitconfig`` is not a subset of ``.config``. This means that you can use
-   other tools (such as make menuconfig) to adjust other config options.
+.. note ::
+   The configuration is only updated if the ``.kunitconfig`` is not a
+   subset of ``.config``. You can use tools (for example:
+   make menuconfig) to adjust other config options.
 
-
-Running the tests (KUnit Wrapper)
----------------------------------
-
-To make sure that everything is set up correctly, simply invoke the Python
-wrapper from your kernel repo:
+Running Tests (KUnit Wrapper)
+-----------------------------
+1. To make sure that everything is set up correctly, invoke the Python
+   wrapper from your kernel repository:
 
 .. code-block:: bash
 
 	./tools/testing/kunit/kunit.py run
 
-.. note::
-   You may want to run ``make mrproper`` first.
-
 If everything worked correctly, you should see the following:
 
-.. code-block:: bash
+.. code-block::
 
 	Generating .config ...
 	Building KUnit Kernel ...
 	Starting KUnit Kernel ...
 
-followed by a list of tests that are run. All of them should be passing.
+The tests will pass or fail.
 
-.. note::
-	Because it is building a lot of sources for the first time, the
-	``Building KUnit kernel`` step may take a while.
+.. note ::
+   Because it is building a lot of sources for the first time, the
+   ``Building KUnit kernel`` may take a while.
 
-Running tests without the KUnit Wrapper
+Running Tests without the KUnit Wrapper
 =======================================
-
-If you'd rather not use the KUnit Wrapper (if, for example, you need to
-integrate with other systems, or use an architecture other than UML), KUnit can
-be included in any kernel, and the results read out and parsed manually.
-
-.. note::
-   KUnit is not designed for use in a production system, and it's possible that
-   tests may reduce the stability or security of the system.
-
-
-
-Configuring the kernel
+If you do not want to use the KUnit Wrapper (for example: you want code
+under test to integrate with other systems, or use a different/
+unsupported architecture or configuration), KUnit can be included in
+any kernel, and the results are read out and parsed manually.
+
+.. note ::
+   ``CONFIG_KUNIT`` should not be enabled in a production environment.
+   Enabling KUnit disables Kernel Address-Space Layout Randomization
+   (KASLR), and tests may affect the state of the kernel in ways not
+   suitable for production.
+
+Configuring the Kernel
 ----------------------
+To enable KUnit itself, you need to enable the ``CONFIG_KUNIT`` Kconfig
+option (under Kernel Hacking/Kernel Testing and Coverage in
+``menuconfig``). From there, you can enable any KUnit tests. They
+usually have config options ending in ``_KUNIT_TEST``.
 
-In order to enable KUnit itself, you simply need to enable the ``CONFIG_KUNIT``
-Kconfig option (it's under Kernel Hacking/Kernel Testing and Coverage in
-menuconfig). From there, you can enable any KUnit tests you want: they usually
-have config options ending in ``_KUNIT_TEST``.
-
-KUnit and KUnit tests can be compiled as modules: in this case the tests in a
-module will be run when the module is loaded.
+KUnit and KUnit tests can be compiled as modules. The tests in a module
+will run when the module is loaded.
 
-
-Running the tests (w/o KUnit Wrapper)
+Running Tests (without KUnit Wrapper)
 -------------------------------------
+Build and run your kernel. In the kernel log, the test output is printed
+out in the TAP format. This will only happen by default if KUnit/tests
+are built-in. Otherwise the module will need to be loaded.
 
-Build and run your kernel as usual. Test output will be written to the kernel
-log in `TAP <https://testanything.org/>`_ format.
-
-.. note::
-   It's possible that there will be other lines and/or data interspersed in the
-   TAP output.
-
+.. note ::
+   Some lines and/or data may get interspersed in the TAP output.
 
-Writing your first test
+Writing Your First Test
 =======================
+In your kernel repository, let's add some code that we can test.
 
-In your kernel repo let's add some code that we can test. Create a file
-``drivers/misc/example.h`` with the contents:
+1. Create a file ``drivers/misc/example.h``, which includes:
 
 .. code-block:: c
 
 	int misc_example_add(int left, int right);
 
-create a file ``drivers/misc/example.c``:
+2. Create a file ``drivers/misc/example.c``, which includes:
 
 .. code-block:: c
 
@@ -142,21 +146,22 @@ create a file ``drivers/misc/example.c``:
 		return left + right;
 	}
 
-Now add the following lines to ``drivers/misc/Kconfig``:
+3. Add the following lines to ``drivers/misc/Kconfig``:
 
 .. code-block:: kconfig
 
 	config MISC_EXAMPLE
 		bool "My example"
 
-and the following lines to ``drivers/misc/Makefile``:
+4. Add the following lines to ``drivers/misc/Makefile``:
 
 .. code-block:: make
 
 	obj-$(CONFIG_MISC_EXAMPLE) += example.o
 
-Now we are ready to write the test. The test will be in
-``drivers/misc/example-test.c``:
+Now we are ready to write the test cases.
+
+1. Add the below test case in ``drivers/misc/example_test.c``:
 
 .. code-block:: c
 
@@ -191,7 +196,7 @@ Now we are ready to write the test. The test will be in
 	};
 	kunit_test_suite(misc_example_test_suite);
 
-Now add the following to ``drivers/misc/Kconfig``:
+2. Add the following lines to ``drivers/misc/Kconfig``:
 
 .. code-block:: kconfig
 
@@ -200,20 +205,20 @@ Now add the following to ``drivers/misc/Kconfig``:
 		depends on MISC_EXAMPLE && KUNIT=y
 		default KUNIT_ALL_TESTS
 
-and the following to ``drivers/misc/Makefile``:
+3. Add the following lines to ``drivers/misc/Makefile``:
 
 .. code-block:: make
 
-	obj-$(CONFIG_MISC_EXAMPLE_TEST) += example-test.o
+	obj-$(CONFIG_MISC_EXAMPLE_TEST) += example_test.o
 
-Now add it to your ``.kunitconfig``:
+4. Add the following lines to ``.kunitconfig``:
 
 .. code-block:: none
 
 	CONFIG_MISC_EXAMPLE=y
 	CONFIG_MISC_EXAMPLE_TEST=y
 
-Now you can run the test:
+5. Run the test:
 
 .. code-block:: bash
 
@@ -227,16 +232,20 @@ You should see the following failure:
 	[16:08:57] [PASSED] misc-example:misc_example_add_test_basic
 	[16:08:57] [FAILED] misc-example:misc_example_test_failure
 	[16:08:57] EXPECTATION FAILED at drivers/misc/example-test.c:17
-	[16:08:57] 	This test never passes.
+	[16:08:57]      This test never passes.
 	...
 
-Congrats! You just wrote your first KUnit test!
+Congrats! You just wrote your first KUnit test.
 
 Next Steps
 ==========
-*   Check out the Documentation/dev-tools/kunit/tips.rst page for tips on
-    writing idiomatic KUnit tests.
-*   Check out the :doc:`running_tips` page for tips on
-    how to make running KUnit tests easier.
-*   Optional: see the :doc:`usage` page for a more
-    in-depth explanation of KUnit.
+
+*   Documentation/dev-tools/kunit/usage.rst - KUnit features.
+*   Documentation/dev-tools/kunit/tips.rst - best practices with
+    examples.
+*   Documentation/dev-tools/kunit/api/index.rst - KUnit APIs
+    used for testing.
+*   Documentation/dev-tools/kunit/kunit-tool.rst - kunit_tool helper
+    script.
+*   Documentation/dev-tools/kunit/faq.rst - KUnit common questions and
+    answers.