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| 1 | +AI: How can I create and test a RAG system on AWS? |
| 2 | + |
| 3 | +You can create and test a Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) system on AWS using a combination of services. A common approach involves: |
| 4 | + |
| 5 | +Storage and Retrieval (Vector Database/Embeddings): |
| 6 | + |
| 7 | +Amazon OpenSearch Service: Can be used to store and search vector embeddings of your knowledge base documents. |
| 8 | +Amazon Aurora with pgvector: Postgres extension for vector search directly within your database. |
| 9 | +Other Vector Databases: Consider services like Pinecone, Weaviate, or Chroma (often integrated with AWS). |
| 10 | +Large Language Model (LLM): |
| 11 | + |
| 12 | +Amazon Bedrock: Provides access to foundation models (FMs) like Jurassic and Titan, suitable for the generation step in RAG. |
| 13 | +Amazon SageMaker JumpStart: Deploy and fine-tune open-source LLMs. |
| 14 | +Hugging Face on SageMaker: Another option for deploying open-source LLMs. |
| 15 | +Workflow Orchestration: |
| 16 | + |
| 17 | +AWS Lambda: For serverless functions to handle retrieval, prompt engineering, and response generation. |
| 18 | +Amazon Step Functions: Orchestrate complex RAG workflows, including error handling and retries. |
| 19 | +Testing and Evaluation: |
| 20 | + |
| 21 | +Manual Testing: Initially, test with a curated set of queries. |
| 22 | +Automated Evaluation: Use metrics like ROUGE, BLEU, or METEOR to assess the quality of generated responses. Build a test harness using Lambda or other compute services. |
| 23 | +Example Workflow: |
| 24 | + |
| 25 | +A user query is received. |
| 26 | +An embedding of the query is generated (potentially using an LLM or embedding model deployed on SageMaker). |
| 27 | +The embedding is used to query the vector database (OpenSearch, Aurora/pgvector, etc.) to retrieve relevant documents. |
| 28 | +The retrieved documents and the original query are combined into a prompt for the LLM (Bedrock, JumpStart, etc.). |
| 29 | +The LLM generates a response, augmented with information from the retrieved documents. |
| 30 | +Data and Analytics: What are the key features of Amazon SageMaker for data science workflows? |
| 31 | + |
| 32 | +Amazon SageMaker offers a comprehensive suite of tools for data science workflows: |
| 33 | + |
| 34 | +Data Preparation: SageMaker Data Wrangler for data exploration, cleaning, and feature engineering. SageMaker Feature Store for managing and sharing features. |
| 35 | +Model Building: SageMaker Studio Notebooks, pre-built containers for popular frameworks (TensorFlow, PyTorch, etc.), and bring-your-own container options. Automated model tuning (SageMaker Automatic Model Tuning). |
| 36 | +Model Training: Distributed training, managed spot instances for cost optimization, and experiment tracking. |
| 37 | +Model Deployment: Easy deployment to endpoints for real-time inference or batch transformations. Support for A/B testing, autoscaling, and model monitoring. |
| 38 | +MLOps: SageMaker Pipelines for building and managing ML workflows. Model Registry for model versioning and lineage. |
| 39 | +Compute Services: How do you configure Auto Scaling for EC2 instances in AWS? |
| 40 | + |
| 41 | +Launch Configuration: Define a launch template or launch configuration specifying the AMI, instance type, storage, and other settings for your EC2 instances. |
| 42 | +Auto Scaling Group: Create an Auto Scaling group and associate the launch template/configuration. |
| 43 | +Scaling Policies: Configure scaling policies to define how the Auto Scaling group should scale in response to changes in demand. |
| 44 | +Dynamic Scaling: Scale based on metrics like CPU utilization, request count, or queue length. |
| 45 | +Scheduled Scaling: Scale at specific times or intervals. |
| 46 | +Manual Scaling: Adjust the desired capacity of the Auto Scaling group manually. |
| 47 | +Health Checks: Configure health checks to ensure that Auto Scaling replaces unhealthy instances. |
| 48 | +Load Balancing: Integrate your Auto Scaling group with a load balancer (e.g., Elastic Load Balancing) to distribute traffic across your instances. |
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