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Also notice the interesting dynamics taking place towards the end of the integration (in the early universe), which gets compressed into a very small time interval.
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These ODEs would benefit from being defined with respect to a logarithmic "time" that better captures the evolution of the universe through *orders of magnitude* of time.
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@@ -111,6 +114,8 @@ Notice that $\mathrm{d}a/\mathrm{d}t > 0$ provided that $\Omega > 0$, and $\math
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First, we transform from $t$ to $a$:
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```@example changeivar
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M2 = change_independent_variable(M1, M1.a)
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@assert !ModelingToolkit.isautonomous(M2) # hide
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M2 # hide
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```
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Unlike the original, notice that this system is *non-autonomous* because the independent variable $a$ appears explicitly in the equations!
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This means that to change the independent variable from $a$ to $b$, we must provide not only the rate of change relation $db(a)/da = \exp(-b)$, but *also* the equation $a(b) = \exp(b)$ so $a$ can be eliminated in favor of $b$:
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