use confidence interval instead of +/- 1 s.d.? e.g. +/-1.96*sd(apps) / sqrt(n())
decision: +/- sd is easier and we aren't teaching a course on statistics. could add a note explaining we have simplified this bit and CI could be done in a similar manner
https://github.com/DataScienceScotland/intro_to_r/blob/17b78f13c38c16da9f22902a802a29f426d58f68/session2/intro_to_R_session2_incomplete.Rmd#L282