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<title>Ontology for building permit authorities</title>
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<div id="pylode">made by <a href="http://github.com/rdflib/pyLODE">
<span style="color:#329545;">p</span><span style="color:#f9cb33;">y</span>LODE</a>
<span style="font-size:smaller;">2.13.2</span>
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<h1>Ontology for building permit authorities</h1>
<section id="metadata">
<h2 style="display:none;">Metadata</h2>
<dl>
<dt>URI</dt>
<dd><code>https://w3id.org/obpa#</code></dd>
<dt><a class="proplink" href="https://www.dublincore.org/specifications/dublin-core/dcmi-terms/#http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator">Creator</a>(s)</dt>
<dd>
Judith Fauth<br/>
Sebastian Seiss<br/>
</dd>
<dt><a class="proplink" href="https://www.dublincore.org/specifications/dublin-core/dcmi-terms/#http://purl.org/dc/terms/modified">Modified</a></dt>
<dd>09.12.2022</dd>
<dt>Version Information</dt>
<dd>0.3</dd>
<dt>Version URI</dt>
<dd><a href="https://SebSeis.github.io/OBPA/index.html">https://w3id.org/obpa/0.3</a></dd>
<dt>Ontology RDF</dt>
<dd><a href="https://SebSeis.github.io/OBPA/obpa.ttl">RDF (turtle)</a></dd>
</dl>
<h2>Description</h2>
<div id="description">
<p>Vocabulary for describing organizational structures of building permit authorities</p>
<p>Further detailed information can be found in the paper <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1474034623003440#ab005">"Ontology for building permit authorities (OBPA) for advanced building permit processes"</a>.</p>
</div>
</section>
<section id="toc">
<h2>Table of Contents</h2>
<ol>
<li><a href="#overview">Overview</a></li>
<li><a href="#specification">Specification</a></li>
<li><a href="#modules">Modules</a></li>
<li><a href="#classes">Classes</a></li>
<li><a href="#objectproperties">Object Properties</a></li>
<li><a href="#functionalproperties">Functional Properties</a></li>
<li><a href="#datatypeproperties">Datatype Properties</a></li>
<li><a href="#annotationproperties">Annotation Properties</a></li>
<li><a href="#namespaces">Namespaces</a></li>
<li><a href="#legend">Legend</a></li>
</ol>
</section>
<section id="overview">
<h2>Overview</h2>
<div class="figure">
<img src="https://SebSeis.github.io/OBPA/Overview.png" alt="Italian Trulli">
<div class="caption"><strong>Figure 1:</strong> Ontology overview: Diagram of main classes for representing a building officaial in relation to building authority and building application</div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="specification">
<h2>Specification</h2>
<table style="width: 81%; border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-right: calc(19%);">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="width: 450pt;border: 1pt solid black;background: rgb(239, 239, 239);padding: 5pt;height: 21pt;vertical-align: top;">
<p style='margin:0cm;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;text-align:center;border:none;'><strong><span style="color:black;">Ontology Requirements Specification Document</span></strong></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 31.5pt;border-right: 1pt solid black;border-bottom: 1pt solid black;border-left: 1pt solid black;border-image: initial;border-top: none;background: rgb(239, 239, 239);padding: 5pt;vertical-align: top;">
<p style='margin:0cm;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;border:none;'><strong><span style="color:black;">1</span></strong></p>
</td>
<td style="width: 418.5pt;border-top: none;border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid black;border-right: 1pt solid black;background: rgb(239, 239, 239);padding: 5pt;vertical-align: top;">
<p style='margin:0cm;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;border:none;'><strong><span style="color:black;">Purpose</span></strong></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 31.5pt;border-right: 1pt solid black;border-bottom: 1pt solid black;border-left: 1pt solid black;border-image: initial;border-top: none;padding: 5pt;vertical-align: top;">
<p style='margin:0cm;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;border:none;'> </p>
</td>
<td style="width: 418.5pt;border-top: none;border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid black;border-right: 1pt solid black;padding: 5pt;vertical-align: top;">
<p style='margin:0cm;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;border:none;'>The purpose of the OBPA is to provide a structural basis for representing the organizational structure of building permit authorities and to support decision making for a process that is either supported or automated. The objective is to ensure a transparent, objective, and rule-based process for assigning building permit applications.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 31.5pt;border-right: 1pt solid black;border-bottom: 1pt solid black;border-left: 1pt solid black;border-image: initial;border-top: none;background: rgb(239, 239, 239);padding: 5pt;vertical-align: top;">
<p style='margin:0cm;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;border:none;'><strong><span style="color:black;">2</span></strong></p>
</td>
<td style="width: 418.5pt;border-top: none;border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid black;border-right: 1pt solid black;background: rgb(239, 239, 239);padding: 5pt;vertical-align: top;">
<p style='margin:0cm;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;border:none;'><strong><span style="color:black;">Scope</span></strong></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 31.5pt;border-right: 1pt solid black;border-bottom: 1pt solid black;border-left: 1pt solid black;border-image: initial;border-top: none;padding: 5pt;vertical-align: top;">
<p style='margin:0cm;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;border:none;'> </p>
</td>
<td style="width: 418.5pt;border-top: none;border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid black;border-right: 1pt solid black;padding: 5pt;vertical-align: top;">
<p style='margin:0cm;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;border:none;'>The scope of the OBPA includes the quality-assured and seamless exchange of information between building permit authorities, building officials, and applicants. The OBPA allows the representation of building permit authorities, related entities, and the relationships and attributes of entities relevant to building permit processing. Additionally, the OBPA represents data in different contexts to meet the needs of all end-users. The scope presented here is limited to the assignment process, although more subprocesses exist in the building permit process. To meet the objectives, general rules that apply to all building permit authorities are developed along with authority-specific rules (which apply to individual building permit authorities).</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 31.5pt;border-right: 1pt solid black;border-bottom: 1pt solid black;border-left: 1pt solid black;border-image: initial;border-top: none;background: rgb(239, 239, 239);padding: 5pt;vertical-align: top;">
<p style='margin:0cm;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;border:none;'><strong><span style="color:black;">3</span></strong></p>
</td>
<td style="width: 418.5pt;border-top: none;border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid black;border-right: 1pt solid black;background: rgb(239, 239, 239);padding: 5pt;vertical-align: top;">
<p style='margin:0cm;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;border:none;'><strong><span style="color:black;">Implementation Language</span></strong></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 31.5pt;border-right: 1pt solid black;border-bottom: 1pt solid black;border-left: 1pt solid black;border-image: initial;border-top: none;padding: 5pt;vertical-align: top;">
<p style='margin:0cm;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;border:none;'> </p>
</td>
<td style="width: 418.5pt;border-top: none;border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid black;border-right: 1pt solid black;padding: 5pt;vertical-align: top;">
<p style='margin:0cm;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;border:none;'>The implementation language for the OBPA is OWL for the T-Box and SHACL for business rules (i.e., the R-Box). This approach provides the necessary flexibility and expressiveness for modeling the complex relationships between building permit authorities, building officials, and building applications. The OBPA is operating bilingually in English and German.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 31.5pt;border-right: 1pt solid black;border-bottom: 1pt solid black;border-left: 1pt solid black;border-image: initial;border-top: none;background: rgb(239, 239, 239);padding: 5pt;vertical-align: top;">
<p style='margin:0cm;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;border:none;'><strong><span style="color:black;">4</span></strong></p>
</td>
<td style="width: 418.5pt;border-top: none;border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid black;border-right: 1pt solid black;background: rgb(239, 239, 239);padding: 5pt;vertical-align: top;">
<p style='margin:0cm;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;border:none;'><strong><span style="color:black;">Intended End-Users</span></strong></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 31.5pt;border-right: 1pt solid black;border-bottom: 1pt solid black;border-left: 1pt solid black;border-image: initial;border-top: none;padding: 5pt;vertical-align: top;">
<p style='margin:0cm;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;border:none;'> </p>
</td>
<td style="width: 418.5pt;border-top: none;border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid black;border-right: 1pt solid black;padding: 5pt;vertical-align: top;">
<p style='margin:0cm;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;border:none;'>The intended end-users of this ontology are supervisory building officials, operating building officials, and applicants. It must be noted that the ontology itself is not directly used by end-users but is rather implemented as an application in a software tool.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 31.5pt;border-right: 1pt solid black;border-bottom: 1pt solid black;border-left: 1pt solid black;border-image: initial;border-top: none;background: rgb(239, 239, 239);padding: 5pt;vertical-align: top;">
<p style='margin:0cm;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;border:none;'><strong><span style="color:black;">5</span></strong></p>
</td>
<td style="width: 418.5pt;border-top: none;border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid black;border-right: 1pt solid black;background: rgb(239, 239, 239);padding: 5pt;vertical-align: top;">
<p style='margin:0cm;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;border:none;'><strong><span style="color:black;">Intended Uses</span></strong></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 31.5pt;border-right: 1pt solid black;border-bottom: 1pt solid black;border-left: 1pt solid black;border-image: initial;border-top: none;padding: 5pt;vertical-align: top;">
<p style='margin:0cm;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;border:none;'> </p>
</td>
<td style="width: 418.5pt;border-top: none;border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid black;border-right: 1pt solid black;padding: 5pt;vertical-align: top;">
<p style='margin:0cm;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;border:none;'>The OBPA is used to support the following use cases:</p>
<div style='margin:0cm;line-height:115%;font-size:15px;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;'>
<ol style="margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 23.7px;"><span class="fr-close-ol"></span><span class="fr-close-ol"></span>
<li style='margin:0cm;line-height:115%;font-size:15px;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;'>Description of the organizational structure and resources of BPAs</li>
<li style='margin:0cm;line-height:115%;font-size:15px;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;'>Support for decision making in the assignment process</li>
<li style='margin:0cm;line-height:115%;font-size:15px;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;'>Automated assignment of building applications to building officials.</li>
</ol>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 31.5pt;border-right: 1pt solid black;border-bottom: 1pt solid black;border-left: 1pt solid black;border-image: initial;border-top: none;background: rgb(239, 239, 239);padding: 5pt;vertical-align: top;">
<p style='margin:0cm;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;border:none;'><strong><span style="color:black;">6</span></strong></p>
</td>
<td style="width: 418.5pt;border-top: none;border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid black;border-right: 1pt solid black;background: rgb(239, 239, 239);padding: 5pt;vertical-align: top;">
<p style='margin:0cm;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;border:none;'><strong><span style="color:black;">Ontology Requirements</span></strong></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 31.5pt;border-right: 1pt solid black;border-bottom: 1pt solid black;border-left: 1pt solid black;border-image: initial;border-top: none;background: rgb(239, 239, 239);padding: 5pt;vertical-align: top;">
<p style='margin:0cm;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;border:none;'> </p>
</td>
<td style="width: 418.5pt;border-top: none;border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid black;border-right: 1pt solid black;background: rgb(239, 239, 239);padding: 5pt;vertical-align: top;">
<ol style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-top:0cm;" start="1" type="a">
<li style='margin:0cm;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;border:none;'><strong><span style="color:black;">Non-Functional Requirements</span></strong></li>
</ol>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 31.5pt;border-right: 1pt solid black;border-bottom: 1pt solid black;border-left: 1pt solid black;border-image: initial;border-top: none;padding: 5pt;vertical-align: top;">
<p style='margin:0cm;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;border:none;'> </p>
</td>
<td style="width: 418.5pt;border-top: none;border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid black;border-right: 1pt solid black;padding: 5pt;vertical-align: top;">
<p style='margin:0cm;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;border:none;'>In addition to these use cases, the following nonfunctional requirements have been identified as crucial for the OBPA:</p>
<div style='margin:0cm;line-height:115%;font-size:15px;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;'>
<ol style="margin-bottom:0cm;list-style-type: decimal;">
<li style='margin:0cm;line-height:115%;font-size:15px;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;'>Clear and concise terminology</li>
<li style='margin:0cm;line-height:115%;font-size:15px;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;'>Consistency</li>
<li style='margin:0cm;line-height:115%;font-size:15px;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;'>Extensibility</li>
<li style='margin:0cm;line-height:115%;font-size:15px;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;'>Reliability</li>
<li style='margin:0cm;line-height:115%;font-size:15px;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;'>Adherence to the FAIR principles (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable)</li>
<li style='margin:0cm;line-height:115%;font-size:15px;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;'>Usability</li>
<li style='margin:0cm;line-height:115%;font-size:15px;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;'>Coverage</li>
</ol>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 31.5pt;border-right: 1pt solid black;border-bottom: 1pt solid black;border-left: 1pt solid black;border-image: initial;border-top: none;background: rgb(239, 239, 239);padding: 5pt;vertical-align: top;">
<p style='margin:0cm;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;border:none;'> </p>
</td>
<td style="width: 418.5pt;border-top: none;border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid black;border-right: 1pt solid black;background: rgb(239, 239, 239);padding: 5pt;vertical-align: top;">
<ol style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-top:0cm;" start="2" type="a">
<li style='margin:0cm;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;border:none;'><strong><span style="color:black;">Functional Requirements: Lists or tables of requirements written as Competency Questions and sentences </span></strong></li>
</ol>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 31.5pt;border-right: 1pt solid black;border-bottom: 1pt solid black;border-left: 1pt solid black;border-image: initial;border-top: none;padding: 5pt;vertical-align: top;">
<p style='margin:0cm;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;border:none;'> </p>
</td>
<td style="width: 418.5pt;border-top: none;border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid black;border-right: 1pt solid black;padding: 5pt;vertical-align: top;">
<p style='margin:0cm;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;border:none;'>Use Case 1: Description of the organizational structure of building permit authorities</p>
<div style='margin:0cm;line-height:115%;font-size:15px;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;'>
<ol style="margin-bottom:0cm;list-style-type: decimal;margin-left:52.05px;">
<li style='margin:0cm;line-height:115%;font-size:15px;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;'>What are the entities and resources of building applications?</li>
<ul>
<div style='margin:0cm;line-height:115%;font-size:15px;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;'>
<ol style="margin-bottom:0cm;list-style-type: decimal;">
<li style='margin:0cm;line-height:115%;font-size:15px;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;'>How many building applications are processed by a building official?</li>
<li style='margin:0cm;line-height:115%;font-size:15px;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;'>What kind of construction project does the building application consist of related to the type of building?</li>
<li style='margin:0cm;line-height:115%;font-size:15px;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;'>Where is the construction project located?</li>
<li style='margin:0cm;line-height:115%;font-size:15px;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;'>What building official processes or has processed which building applications?</li>
</ol>
</div>
</ul>
<li style='margin:0cm;line-height:115%;font-size:15px;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;'>What are the entities and resources related to building officials?</li>
<ul>
<div style='margin:0cm;line-height:115%;font-size:15px;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;'>
<ol style="margin-bottom:0cm;list-style-type: decimal;">
<li style='margin:0cm;line-height:115%;font-size:15px;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;'>How much experience does a building official have in years?</li>
<li style='margin:0cm;line-height:115%;font-size:15px;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;'>Which building official specializes in the subject area of building law?</li>
<li style='margin:0cm;line-height:115%;font-size:15px;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;'>What kind of building (expertise) is the building official familiar with?</li>
<li style='margin:0cm;line-height:115%;font-size:15px;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;'>In what territorial sector does the building official operate?</li>
<li style='margin:0cm;line-height:115%;font-size:15px;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;'>In what department is the building official employed?</li>
</ol>
</div>
</ul>
</ol>
</div>
<p style='margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;border:none;'> </p>
<p style='margin:0cm;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;border:none;'>Use Case 2: Support for decision making in the assignment process</p>
<div style='margin:0cm;line-height:115%;font-size:15px;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;'>
<ol style="margin-bottom:0cm;list-style-type: undefined;margin-left:52.05px;">
<li style='margin:0cm;line-height:115%;font-size:15px;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;'>Is the building application reviewed properly according to a) sector; b) subject area; c) expertise; d) experience; and e) role of the building official?</li>
</ol>
</div>
<p style='margin:0cm;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;border:none;'> </p>
<p style='margin:0cm;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;border:none;'>Use Case 3: Automated assignment of building application to building official</p>
<div style='margin:0cm;line-height:115%;font-size:15px;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;'>
<ol style="margin-bottom:0cm;list-style-type: undefined;margin-left:52.05px;">
<li style='margin:0cm;line-height:115%;font-size:15px;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;'>Who should process the building application(considering the sector, subject area, expertise, and experience)?</li>
<li style='margin:0cm;line-height:115%;font-size:15px;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;'>How long should the building application review take time?</li>
</ol>
</div>
<p style='margin:0cm;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;border:none;'> </p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</section>
<section id="modules">
<h2>Modules</h2>
<h3 id="agent">Agent module</h3>
<p>The central component of the agent module is the <i>obpa:Agent</i> class. This class has two subclasses, namely <i>obpa:Person</i> and <i>obpa:Organization</i>. The <i>obpa:Organization</i> subclass is
further described in the <a href="#organization">organization module</a>, while the <i>obpa:Person</i> subclass is directly assigned to activities and building applications in the OBPA. Activities describe
the specific activity performed by a person in relation to a building application. Persons can be assigned to different roles within the OBPA through <i>obpa:hasRole</i>, such as applicant, building
official, or supervisory building official, and they can be further classified into more specific subclasses based on their roles, such as <i>obpa:BuildingOfficialRole</i>. The role functions can also
be used to enforce constraints, as certain process activities may only be performed by certain roles.
</p>
<p>
In addition to roles, expertise is introduced to the ontology by <i>obpa:Expertise</i>, which refers to the skills and knowledge that make a person an expert in a certain field. For example, a building
official may possess expertise in inspecting a particular type of building. To determine whether the authority staff is administrative or technical, <i>obpa:SubjectArea</i> as introduced in addition
to <i>obpa:Expertise</i> and <i>obpa:hasRole</i>. Each person assigned the role of <i>obpa:BuildingOfficialRole</i> is assigned a processing <i>obpa:Sector</i> in a territorial manner. In our example,
the processing <i>obpa:Sector</i> is defined by an address range. The building official’s work experience is a crucial aspect for stating the years of experience a person has which relates in some cases
to their skills or assigned tasks. In the OBPA, work experience is represented as a data property called obpa:work_experience, which is linked to the individual representing the building official.
</p>
<div class="figure">
<img src="https://SebSeis.github.io/OBPA/PersonModule.png" alt="Italian Trulli">
<div class="caption"><strong>Figure 2:</strong> Illustration of the person module</div>
</div>
<h3 id="organization">Organization module</h3>
<p>As previously explained, organizations are a subclass of agents. Given that different authorities are involved in a building permit process, they are represented as a distinct subclass of organization (as depicted in
Figure 3). In the OBPA, organizations are, for example, the building permit authority, heritage office, or environmental authority. The authorities are further structured into departments, which are modeled as
<i>obpa:Department</i> and represent organizations themselves. A building authority can be linked to different departments through the <i>obpa:hasDepartment</i> relation.
</p>
<p>Each authority is allocated a specific sector within the OBPA, which is represented by a postal code. This sector, also known as the processing territorial area, defines the boundaries within
which the authority operates. The processing area ensures that the relevant building application falls within the authority’s area of responsibility. The <i>obpa:Organization</i> class is linked to the
organization ontology and vCard ontology through <i>owl:equivalentClass</i> to <i>org:Organization</i> and <i>vcard:Organization</i>, respectively.
</p>
<div class="figure">
<img src="https://SebSeis.github.io/OBPA/OrganizationModule.png" alt="Italian Trulli">
<div class="caption"><strong>Figure 3:</strong> Illustration of the organization module</div>
</div>
<h3 id="application">Building application module</h3>
<p>The core module of the OBPA is the building application module, which is depicted in Figure 4. This module is crucial to the ontology and is submitted by the building owner or applicant. Once submitted, a
supervisory building official assigns it to anadministrative or technical building official. The building application itself refers to one or more construction projects. Each construction project contains
one or more buildings, which can be classified into different types of buildings, such as commercial construction, heritage, or public construction. Building classification is critical for ensuring the
appropriate assignment of building officials, who can process specific building classes based on their expertise. To facilitate further processing of the building application, building information is
aligned to <i>IfcOWL</i> and <i>BOT</i>. This alignment is achieved by establishing an <i>owl:equivalentClass</i> relationship between <i>obpa:Building</i> and <i>ifc:IfcBuilding</i> or <i>bot:Building</i>. Additional building
ontologies can be used and referenced based on the application and building model used.
</p>
<div class="figure">
<img src="https://SebSeis.github.io/OBPA/BuildingApplicationModule.png" alt="Italian Trulli">
<div class="caption"><strong>Figure 4:</strong> Illustration of the building application module</div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="classes">
<h2>Classes <span style="float:right; font-size:smaller;"><a href="">↑</a></span></h2>
<ul class="hlist">
<li><a href="http://w3id.org/saro#Expertise">http://w3id.org/saro#Expertise</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#Point">geo:Point</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#SpatialThing">geo:SpatialThing</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.w3.org/2006/vcard/ns#Address">vcard:Address</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.w3.org/2006/vcard/ns#Location">vcard:Location</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.w3.org/2006/vcard/ns#Organization">vcard:Organization</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.w3.org/ns/org#Organization">org:Organization</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.w3.org/ns/org#Role">org:Role</a></li>
<li><a href="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Agent">foaf:Agent</a></li>
<li><a href="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Organization">foaf:Organization</a></li>
<li><a href="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person">foaf:Person</a></li>
<li><a href="https://schema.org/Organization">sdo:Organization</a></li>
<li><a href="https://standards.buildingsmart.org/IFC/DEV/IFC4/ADD2_TC1/OWL#IfcBuilding">https://standards.buildingsmart.org/IFC/DEV/IFC4/ADD2_TC1/OWL#IfcBuilding</a></li>
<li><a href="https://w3id.org/bot#Building">bot:Building</a></li>
<li><a href="#Activity">Activity</a></li>
<li><a href="#Administrativesubjectarea">Administrative subject area</a></li>
<li><a href="#Agents">Agents</a></li>
<li><a href="#Building">Building</a></li>
<li><a href="#BuildingApplication">Building Application</a></li>
<li><a href="#buildingauthority">building authority</a></li>
<li><a href="#BuildingOfficialRole">BuildingOfficialRole</a></li>
<li><a href="#BuildingPermittingActivity">BuildingPermittingActivity</a></li>
<li><a href="#constructionproject">construction project</a></li>
<li><a href="#Department">Department</a></li>
<li><a href="#ExaminerRole">ExaminerRole</a></li>
<li><a href="#capability">capability</a></li>
<li><a href="#externalrole">external role</a></li>
<li><a href="#FireProtectionEngineerRole">FireProtectionEngineerRole</a></li>
<li><a href="#Heritage">Heritage</a></li>
<li><a href="#Historicpreservationauthority">Historic preservation authority</a></li>
<li><a href="#IndustialConstruction">IndustialConstruction</a></li>
<li><a href="#NatureConservationAuthority_Erfurt">NatureConservationAuthority_Erfurt</a></li>
<li><a href="#Organization">Organization</a></li>
<li><a href="#Person">Person</a></li>
<li><a href="#Plotofland">Plot of land</a></li>
<li><a href="#Position">Position</a></li>
<li><a href="#ProofingStructuralEngineerRole">ProofingStructuralEngineerRole</a></li>
<li><a href="#ProofingStructuralEngineeringOffice">ProofingStructuralEngineeringOffice</a></li>
<li><a href="#PublicAuthorityAgency">PublicAuthorityAgency</a></li>
<li><a href="#PublicOfficerRole">PublicOfficerRole</a></li>
<li><a href="#regulations">regulations</a></li>
<li><a href="#ResidentialConstruction">ResidentialConstruction</a></li>
<li><a href="#Role">Role</a></li>
<li><a href="#Sector">Sector</a></li>
<li><a href="#SpecialConstruction">SpecialConstruction</a></li>
<li><a href="#Subjectarea">Subject area</a></li>
<li><a href="#Technicalsubjectarea">Technical subject area</a></li>
<li><a href="https://w3id.org/ocqa#CommercialConstruction">https://w3id.org/ocqa#CommercialConstruction</a></li>
</ul>
<div class="entity class" id="Expertise">
<h3>
Expertise<sup title="class" class="sup-c">c</sup>
<span style="float:right; margin-right:10px; font-size:smaller;"><a href="#Expertise" title="fragment link to here">#</a> <a href="#classes" title="Classes Index">Classes</a></span>
</h3>
<table>
<tr>
<th>URI</th>
<td><code>http://w3id.org/saro#Expertise</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Description</th>
<td>
<p>An advanced or exceptional knowledge or skill in an area or topic</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>In range of</th>
<td>
<a href="#hasExpertise">hasExpertise</a><sup class="sup-op" title="object property">op</sup><br/>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<div class="entity class" id="point">
<h3>
point<sup title="class" class="sup-c">c</sup>
<span style="float:right; margin-right:10px; font-size:smaller;"><a href="#point" title="fragment link to here">#</a> <a href="#classes" title="Classes Index">Classes</a></span>
</h3>
<table>
<tr>
<th>URI</th>
<td><code>http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#Point</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Description</th>
<td>
<p>Uniquely identified by lat/long/alt. i.e.</p>
<p>spaciallyIntersects(P1, P2) :- lat(P1, LAT), long(P1, LONG), alt(P1, ALT),
lat(P2, LAT), long(P2, LONG), alt(P2, ALT).</p>
<p>sameThing(P1, P2) :- type(P1, Point), type(P2, Point), spaciallyIntersects(P1, P2).</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Super-classes</th>
<td>
<a href="http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#SpatialThing">geo:SpatialThing</a><sup class="sup-c" title="class">c</sup><br/>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<div class="entity class" id="SpatialThing">
<h3>
SpatialThing<sup title="class" class="sup-c">c</sup>
<span style="float:right; margin-right:10px; font-size:smaller;"><a href="#SpatialThing" title="fragment link to here">#</a> <a href="#classes" title="Classes Index">Classes</a></span>
</h3>
<table>
<tr>
<th>URI</th>
<td><code>http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#SpatialThing</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Description</th>
<td>
<p>Anything with spatial extent, i.e. size, shape, or position.
e.g. people, places, bowling balls, as well as abstract areas like cubes.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Sub-classes</th>
<td>
<a href="http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#Point">geo:Point</a><sup class="sup-c" title="class">c</sup><br/>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<div class="entity class" id="Address">
<h3>
Address<sup title="class" class="sup-c">c</sup>
<span style="float:right; margin-right:10px; font-size:smaller;"><a href="#Address" title="fragment link to here">#</a> <a href="#classes" title="Classes Index">Classes</a></span>
</h3>
<table>
<tr>
<th>URI</th>
<td><code>http://www.w3.org/2006/vcard/ns#Address</code></td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<div class="entity class" id="vcard:Location">
<h3>
vcard:Location<sup title="class" class="sup-c">c</sup>
<span style="float:right; margin-right:10px; font-size:smaller;"><a href="#vcard:Location" title="fragment link to here">#</a> <a href="#classes" title="Classes Index">Classes</a></span>
</h3>
<table>
<tr>
<th>URI</th>
<td><code>http://www.w3.org/2006/vcard/ns#Location</code></td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<div class="entity class" id="vcard:Organization">
<h3>
vcard:Organization<sup title="class" class="sup-c">c</sup>
<span style="float:right; margin-right:10px; font-size:smaller;"><a href="#vcard:Organization" title="fragment link to here">#</a> <a href="#classes" title="Classes Index">Classes</a></span>
</h3>
<table>
<tr>
<th>URI</th>
<td><code>http://www.w3.org/2006/vcard/ns#Organization</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Is Defined By</th>
<td>
http://www.w3.org/2006/vcard/ns
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Description</th>
<td>
<p>An object representing an organization. An organization is a single entity, and might represent a business or government, a department or division within a business or government, a club, an association, or the like.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Super-classes</th>
<td>
<a href="#Agents">Agents</a><sup class="sup-c" title="class">c</sup><br/>
<a href="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Agent">foaf:Agent</a><sup class="sup-c" title="class">c</sup><br/>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Sub-classes</th>
<td>
<a href="#buildingauthority">building authority</a><sup class="sup-c" title="class">c</sup><br/>
<a href="#Historicpreservationauthority">Historic preservation authority</a><sup class="sup-c" title="class">c</sup><br/>
<a href="#ProofingStructuralEngineeringOffice">ProofingStructuralEngineeringOffice</a><sup class="sup-c" title="class">c</sup><br/>
<a href="#Department">Department</a><sup class="sup-c" title="class">c</sup><br/>
<a href="#NatureConservationAuthority_Erfurt">NatureConservationAuthority_Erfurt</a><sup class="sup-c" title="class">c</sup><br/>
<a href="#PublicAuthorityAgency">PublicAuthorityAgency</a><sup class="sup-c" title="class">c</sup><br/>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<div class="entity class" id="org:Organization">
<h3>
org:Organization<sup title="class" class="sup-c">c</sup>
<span style="float:right; margin-right:10px; font-size:smaller;"><a href="#org:Organization" title="fragment link to here">#</a> <a href="#classes" title="Classes Index">Classes</a></span>
</h3>
<table>
<tr>
<th>URI</th>
<td><code>http://www.w3.org/ns/org#Organization</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Super-classes</th>
<td>
<a href="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Agent">foaf:Agent</a><sup class="sup-c" title="class">c</sup><br/>
<a href="#Agents">Agents</a><sup class="sup-c" title="class">c</sup><br/>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Sub-classes</th>
<td>
<a href="#Department">Department</a><sup class="sup-c" title="class">c</sup><br/>
<a href="#buildingauthority">building authority</a><sup class="sup-c" title="class">c</sup><br/>
<a href="#NatureConservationAuthority_Erfurt">NatureConservationAuthority_Erfurt</a><sup class="sup-c" title="class">c</sup><br/>
<a href="#PublicAuthorityAgency">PublicAuthorityAgency</a><sup class="sup-c" title="class">c</sup><br/>
<a href="#Historicpreservationauthority">Historic preservation authority</a><sup class="sup-c" title="class">c</sup><br/>
<a href="#ProofingStructuralEngineeringOffice">ProofingStructuralEngineeringOffice</a><sup class="sup-c" title="class">c</sup><br/>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<div class="entity class" id="org:Role">
<h3>
org:Role<sup title="class" class="sup-c">c</sup>
<span style="float:right; margin-right:10px; font-size:smaller;"><a href="#org:Role" title="fragment link to here">#</a> <a href="#classes" title="Classes Index">Classes</a></span>
</h3>
<table>
<tr>
<th>URI</th>
<td><code>http://www.w3.org/ns/org#Role</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Sub-classes</th>
<td>
<a href="#ExaminerRole">ExaminerRole</a><sup class="sup-c" title="class">c</sup><br/>
<a href="#externalrole">external role</a><sup class="sup-c" title="class">c</sup><br/>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<div class="entity class" id="foaf:Agent">
<h3>
foaf:Agent<sup title="class" class="sup-c">c</sup>
<span style="float:right; margin-right:10px; font-size:smaller;"><a href="#foaf:Agent" title="fragment link to here">#</a> <a href="#classes" title="Classes Index">Classes</a></span>
</h3>
<table>
<tr>
<th>URI</th>
<td><code>http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Agent</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Sub-classes</th>
<td>
<a href="#Person">Person</a><sup class="sup-c" title="class">c</sup><br/>
<a href="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Organization">foaf:Organization</a><sup class="sup-c" title="class">c</sup><br/>
<a href="http://www.w3.org/ns/org#Organization">org:Organization</a><sup class="sup-c" title="class">c</sup><br/>
<a href="#Organization">Organization</a><sup class="sup-c" title="class">c</sup><br/>
<a href="http://www.w3.org/2006/vcard/ns#Organization">vcard:Organization</a><sup class="sup-c" title="class">c</sup><br/>
<a href="https://schema.org/Organization">sdo:Organization</a><sup class="sup-c" title="class">c</sup><br/>
<a href="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person">foaf:Person</a><sup class="sup-c" title="class">c</sup><br/>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>In domain of</th>
<td>
<a href="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age">foaf:age</a><sup class="sup-fp" title="functional property">fp</sup><br/>
<a href="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/gender">foaf:gender</a><sup class="sup-fp" title="functional property">fp</sup><br/>
<a href="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/birthday">foaf:birthday</a><sup class="sup-fp" title="functional property">fp</sup><br/>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<div class="entity class" id="foaf:Organization">
<h3>
foaf:Organization<sup title="class" class="sup-c">c</sup>
<span style="float:right; margin-right:10px; font-size:smaller;"><a href="#foaf:Organization" title="fragment link to here">#</a> <a href="#classes" title="Classes Index">Classes</a></span>
</h3>
<table>
<tr>
<th>URI</th>
<td><code>http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Organization</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Super-classes</th>
<td>
<a href="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Agent">foaf:Agent</a><sup class="sup-c" title="class">c</sup><br/>
<a href="#Agents">Agents</a><sup class="sup-c" title="class">c</sup><br/>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Sub-classes</th>
<td>
<a href="#buildingauthority">building authority</a><sup class="sup-c" title="class">c</sup><br/>
<a href="#ProofingStructuralEngineeringOffice">ProofingStructuralEngineeringOffice</a><sup class="sup-c" title="class">c</sup><br/>
<a href="#Historicpreservationauthority">Historic preservation authority</a><sup class="sup-c" title="class">c</sup><br/>
<a href="#Department">Department</a><sup class="sup-c" title="class">c</sup><br/>
<a href="#NatureConservationAuthority_Erfurt">NatureConservationAuthority_Erfurt</a><sup class="sup-c" title="class">c</sup><br/>
<a href="#PublicAuthorityAgency">PublicAuthorityAgency</a><sup class="sup-c" title="class">c</sup><br/>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<div class="entity class" id="foaf:Person">
<h3>
foaf:Person<sup title="class" class="sup-c">c</sup>
<span style="float:right; margin-right:10px; font-size:smaller;"><a href="#foaf:Person" title="fragment link to here">#</a> <a href="#classes" title="Classes Index">Classes</a></span>
</h3>
<table>
<tr>
<th>URI</th>
<td><code>http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Super-classes</th>
<td>
<a href="#Agents">Agents</a><sup class="sup-c" title="class">c</sup><br/>
<a href="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Agent">foaf:Agent</a><sup class="sup-c" title="class">c</sup><br/>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>In domain of</th>
<td>
<a href="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/firstName">foaf:firstName</a><sup class="sup-dp" title="datatype property">dp</sup><br/>
<a href="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/lastName">foaf:lastName</a><sup class="sup-dp" title="datatype property">dp</sup><br/>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<div class="entity class" id="schema:Organization">
<h3>
schema:Organization<sup title="class" class="sup-c">c</sup>
<span style="float:right; margin-right:10px; font-size:smaller;"><a href="#schema:Organization" title="fragment link to here">#</a> <a href="#classes" title="Classes Index">Classes</a></span>
</h3>
<table>
<tr>
<th>URI</th>
<td><code>https://schema.org/Organization</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Super-classes</th>
<td>
<a href="#Agents">Agents</a><sup class="sup-c" title="class">c</sup><br/>
<a href="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Agent">foaf:Agent</a><sup class="sup-c" title="class">c</sup><br/>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Sub-classes</th>
<td>
<a href="#Historicpreservationauthority">Historic preservation authority</a><sup class="sup-c" title="class">c</sup><br/>
<a href="#Department">Department</a><sup class="sup-c" title="class">c</sup><br/>
<a href="#ProofingStructuralEngineeringOffice">ProofingStructuralEngineeringOffice</a><sup class="sup-c" title="class">c</sup><br/>
<a href="#NatureConservationAuthority_Erfurt">NatureConservationAuthority_Erfurt</a><sup class="sup-c" title="class">c</sup><br/>
<a href="#PublicAuthorityAgency">PublicAuthorityAgency</a><sup class="sup-c" title="class">c</sup><br/>
<a href="#buildingauthority">building authority</a><sup class="sup-c" title="class">c</sup><br/>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<div class="entity class" id="owl:ifcBuilding">
<h3>
owl:ifcBuilding<sup title="class" class="sup-c">c</sup>
<span style="float:right; margin-right:10px; font-size:smaller;"><a href="#owl:ifcBuilding" title="fragment link to here">#</a> <a href="#classes" title="Classes Index">Classes</a></span>
</h3>
<table>
<tr>
<th>URI</th>
<td><code>https://standards.buildingsmart.org/IFC/DEV/IFC4/ADD2_TC1/OWL#IfcBuilding</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Sub-classes</th>
<td>
<a href="https://w3id.org/ocqa#CommercialConstruction">https://w3id.org/ocqa#CommercialConstruction</a><sup class="sup-c" title="class">c</sup><br/>
<a href="#IndustialConstruction">IndustialConstruction</a><sup class="sup-c" title="class">c</sup><br/>
<a href="#ResidentialConstruction">ResidentialConstruction</a><sup class="sup-c" title="class">c</sup><br/>
<a href="#SpecialConstruction">SpecialConstruction</a><sup class="sup-c" title="class">c</sup><br/>
<a href="#Heritage">Heritage</a><sup class="sup-c" title="class">c</sup><br/>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<div class="entity class" id="bot:Building">
<h3>
bot:Building<sup title="class" class="sup-c">c</sup>
<span style="float:right; margin-right:10px; font-size:smaller;"><a href="#bot:Building" title="fragment link to here">#</a> <a href="#classes" title="Classes Index">Classes</a></span>
</h3>
<table>
<tr>
<th>URI</th>
<td><code>https://w3id.org/bot#Building</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Sub-classes</th>
<td>
<a href="#IndustialConstruction">IndustialConstruction</a><sup class="sup-c" title="class">c</sup><br/>
<a href="#ResidentialConstruction">ResidentialConstruction</a><sup class="sup-c" title="class">c</sup><br/>
<a href="#SpecialConstruction">SpecialConstruction</a><sup class="sup-c" title="class">c</sup><br/>
<a href="#Heritage">Heritage</a><sup class="sup-c" title="class">c</sup><br/>
<a href="https://w3id.org/ocqa#CommercialConstruction">https://w3id.org/ocqa#CommercialConstruction</a><sup class="sup-c" title="class">c</sup><br/>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<div class="entity class" id="Activity">
<h3>
Activity<sup title="class" class="sup-c">c</sup>
<span style="float:right; margin-right:10px; font-size:smaller;"><a href="#Activity" title="fragment link to here">#</a> <a href="#classes" title="Classes Index">Classes</a></span>
</h3>
<table>
<tr>
<th>URI</th>
<td><code>https://w3id.org/obpa#Activity</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Sub-classes</th>
<td>
<a href="#BuildingPermittingActivity">BuildingPermittingActivity</a><sup class="sup-c" title="class">c</sup><br/>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>In domain of</th>
<td>
<a href="#hasBuildingApplication">hasBuildingApplication</a><sup class="sup-op" title="object property">op</sup><br/>
<a href="#hasSubActivity">hasSubActivity</a><sup class="sup-op" title="object property">op</sup><br/>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>In range of</th>
<td>
<a href="#hasAgent">hasAgent</a><sup class="sup-op" title="object property">op</sup><br/>
<a href="#hasResponsible">hasResponsible</a><sup class="sup-op" title="object property">op</sup><br/>
<a href="#hasSubActivity">hasSubActivity</a><sup class="sup-op" title="object property">op</sup><br/>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<div class="entity class" id="Administrativesubjectarea">
<h3>
Administrative subject area<sup title="class" class="sup-c">c</sup>
<span style="float:right; margin-right:10px; font-size:smaller;"><a href="#Administrativesubjectarea" title="fragment link to here">#</a> <a href="#classes" title="Classes Index">Classes</a></span>
</h3>
<table>
<tr>
<th>URI</th>
<td><code>https://w3id.org/obpa#AdministrativeSubjectArea</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Super-classes</th>
<td>
<a href="#Subjectarea">Subject area</a><sup class="sup-c" title="class">c</sup><br/>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<div class="entity class" id="Agents">
<h3>
Agents<sup title="class" class="sup-c">c</sup>
<span style="float:right; margin-right:10px; font-size:smaller;"><a href="#Agents" title="fragment link to here">#</a> <a href="#classes" title="Classes Index">Classes</a></span>
</h3>
<table>
<tr>
<th>URI</th>
<td><code>https://w3id.org/obpa#Agent</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Description</th>
<td>
<p>Agents are actors or stakeholders associated with the building permitting process</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Sub-classes</th>
<td>
<a href="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person">foaf:Person</a><sup class="sup-c" title="class">c</sup><br/>
<a href="http://www.w3.org/2006/vcard/ns#Organization">vcard:Organization</a><sup class="sup-c" title="class">c</sup><br/>
<a href="https://schema.org/Organization">sdo:Organization</a><sup class="sup-c" title="class">c</sup><br/>
<a href="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Organization">foaf:Organization</a><sup class="sup-c" title="class">c</sup><br/>
<a href="http://www.w3.org/ns/org#Organization">org:Organization</a><sup class="sup-c" title="class">c</sup><br/>
<a href="#Organization">Organization</a><sup class="sup-c" title="class">c</sup><br/>
<a href="#Person">Person</a><sup class="sup-c" title="class">c</sup><br/>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>In domain of</th>
<td>
<a href="#hasResponsible">hasResponsible</a><sup class="sup-op" title="object property">op</sup><br/>
<a href="#holds">holds</a><sup class="sup-op" title="object property">op</sup><br/>
<a href="#hasRole">hasRole</a><sup class="sup-op" title="object property">op</sup><br/>
<a href="#hasAgent">hasAgent</a><sup class="sup-op" title="object property">op</sup><br/>
</td>