diff --git a/common/devtools/convert_protocol_to_json.py b/common/devtools/convert_protocol_to_json.py
index cfea7867d4ef0..c82c838a1c8c6 100644
--- a/common/devtools/convert_protocol_to_json.py
+++ b/common/devtools/convert_protocol_to_json.py
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ def main(argv):
     parser.add_argument("json_file", help="The .json output file write.")
     args = parser.parse_args(argv)
     file_name = os.path.normpath(args.pdl_file)
-    input_file = open(file_name, "r")
+    input_file = open(file_name)
     pdl_string = input_file.read()
     protocol = pdl.loads(pdl_string, file_name, args.map_binary_to_string)
     input_file.close()
diff --git a/common/devtools/pdl.py b/common/devtools/pdl.py
index 132615b6835e1..fce9012156768 100644
--- a/common/devtools/pdl.py
+++ b/common/devtools/pdl.py
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 # Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
 # found in the LICENSE file.
 
-from __future__ import print_function
 import collections
 import json
 import re
@@ -166,7 +165,7 @@ def parse(data, file_name, map_binary_to_string=False):
             enumliterals.append(trimLine)
             continue
 
-        print('Error in %s:%s, illegal token: \t%s' % (file_name, i, line))
+        print(f'Error in {file_name}:{i}, illegal token: \t{line}')
         sys.exit(1)
     return protocol
 
diff --git a/javascript/private/gen_file.py b/javascript/private/gen_file.py
index 42d6d520185b5..e5df94a5650fa 100644
--- a/javascript/private/gen_file.py
+++ b/javascript/private/gen_file.py
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ def write_atom_literal(out, name, contents, lang, utf8):
       else:
         line_format = "    L\"{}\",\n"
     elif "java" == lang:
-        line_format = "      .append\(\"{}\")\n"
+        line_format = "      .append\\(\"{}\")\n"
     else:
         raise RuntimeError("Unknown language: %s " % lang)
 
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ def write_atom_literal(out, name, contents, lang, utf8):
     if "cc" == lang or "hh" == lang:
         string_type = "std::string" if utf8 else "std::wstring"
         char_type = "char" if utf8 else "wchar_t"
-        out.write("const %s* const %s[] = {\n" % (char_type, name))
+        out.write(f"const {char_type}* const {name}[] = {{\n")
     elif "java" == lang:
         out.write("  %s(new StringBuilder()\n" % name)
     else:
@@ -75,43 +75,43 @@ def write_atom_literal(out, name, contents, lang, utf8):
 def generate_header(file_name, out, js_map, just_declare, utf8):
     define_guard = "WEBDRIVER_%s" % os.path.basename(file_name.upper()).replace(".", "_")
     include_stddef = "" if utf8 else "\n#include <stddef.h>  // For wchar_t."
-    out.write("""%s
+    out.write("""{}
     
 /* AUTO GENERATED - DO NOT EDIT BY HAND */
-#ifndef %s
-#define %s
-%s
+#ifndef {}
+#define {}
+{}
 #include <string>    // For std::(w)string.
 
-namespace webdriver {
-namespace atoms {
+namespace webdriver {{
+namespace atoms {{
     
-""" % (_copyright, define_guard, define_guard, include_stddef))
+""".format(_copyright, define_guard, define_guard, include_stddef))
 
     string_type = "std::string" if utf8 else "std::wstring"
     char_type = "char" if utf8 else "wchar_t"
     
     for (name, file) in js_map.items():
         if just_declare:
-            out.write("extern const %s* const %s[];\n" % (char_type, name.upper()))
+            out.write(f"extern const {char_type}* const {name.upper()}[];\n")
         else:
-            contents = open(file, "r").read()
+            contents = open(file).read()
             write_atom_literal(out, name, contents, "hh", utf8)
 
     out.write("""
-static inline %s asString(const %s* const atom[]) {
-  %s source;
-  for (int i = 0; atom[i] != NULL; i++) {
+static inline {} asString(const {}* const atom[]) {{
+  {} source;
+  for (int i = 0; atom[i] != NULL; i++) {{
     source += atom[i];
-  }
+  }}
   return source;
-}
+}}
 
-}  // namespace atoms
-}  // namespace webdriver
+}}  // namespace atoms
+}}  // namespace webdriver
     
-#endif  // %s
-""" % (string_type, char_type, string_type, define_guard))
+#endif  // {}
+""".format(string_type, char_type, string_type, define_guard))
 
 def generate_cc_source(out, js_map, utf8):
     out.write("""%s
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ def generate_cc_source(out, js_map, utf8):
 """ % _copyright)
 
     for (name, file) in js_map.items():
-        contents = open(file, "r").read()
+        contents = open(file).read()
         write_atom_literal(out, name, contents, "cc", utf8)
 
     out.write("""
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ def generate_java_source(file_name, out, preamble, js_map):
 """ % class_name)
 
     for (name, file) in js_map.items():
-        contents = open(file, "r").read()
+        contents = open(file).read()
         write_atom_literal(out, name, contents, "java", True)
 
     out.write("""
diff --git a/py/selenium/webdriver/remote/webelement.py b/py/selenium/webdriver/remote/webelement.py
index e5a3adad0d7b4..b11b17202dfbe 100644
--- a/py/selenium/webdriver/remote/webelement.py
+++ b/py/selenium/webdriver/remote/webelement.py
@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@
 from base64 import encodebytes
 from hashlib import md5 as md5_hash
 from io import BytesIO
-from typing import List
 
 from selenium.common.exceptions import JavascriptException
 from selenium.common.exceptions import WebDriverException
@@ -414,7 +413,7 @@ def find_element(self, by=By.ID, value=None) -> WebElement:
         by, value = self._parent.locator_converter.convert(by, value)
         return self._execute(Command.FIND_CHILD_ELEMENT, {"using": by, "value": value})["value"]
 
-    def find_elements(self, by=By.ID, value=None) -> List[WebElement]:
+    def find_elements(self, by=By.ID, value=None) -> list[WebElement]:
         """Find elements given a By strategy and locator.
 
         :Usage:
diff --git a/py/test/selenium/webdriver/remote/remote_downloads_tests.py b/py/test/selenium/webdriver/remote/remote_downloads_tests.py
index 72ac2a4fc8ba5..555c4e52dba88 100644
--- a/py/test/selenium/webdriver/remote/remote_downloads_tests.py
+++ b/py/test/selenium/webdriver/remote/remote_downloads_tests.py
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ def test_download_file(driver, pages):
         driver.download_file(file_name, target_directory)
 
         target_file = os.path.join(target_directory, file_name)
-        with open(target_file, "r") as file:
+        with open(target_file) as file:
             assert "Hello, World!" in file.read()
 
 
diff --git a/scripts/pinned_browsers.py b/scripts/pinned_browsers.py
index b41b169577f46..e2a7bce970780 100755
--- a/scripts/pinned_browsers.py
+++ b/scripts/pinned_browsers.py
@@ -117,8 +117,8 @@ def chrome(selected_version):
     content = """
     http_archive(
         name = "linux_chrome",
-        url = "%s",
-        sha256 = "%s",
+        url = "{}",
+        sha256 = "{}",
         build_file_content = \"\"\"
 load("@aspect_rules_js//js:defs.bzl", "js_library")
 package(default_visibility = ["//visibility:public"])
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ def chrome(selected_version):
 \"\"\",
     )
 
-""" % (
+""".format(
         linux,
         sha,
     )
@@ -147,8 +147,8 @@ def chrome(selected_version):
 
     content += """    http_archive(
         name = "mac_chrome",
-        url = "%s",
-        sha256 = "%s",
+        url = "{}",
+        sha256 = "{}",
         strip_prefix = "chrome-mac-x64",
         patch_cmds = [
             "mv 'Google Chrome for Testing.app' Chrome.app",
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ def chrome(selected_version):
 \"\"\",
     )
 
-""" % (
+""".format(
         mac,
         sha,
     )
@@ -206,11 +206,11 @@ def edge():
         content += """
     pkg_archive(
         name = "mac_edge",
-        url = "%s",
-        sha256 = "%s",
-        move = {
-            "MicrosoftEdge-%s.pkg/Payload/Microsoft Edge.app": "Edge.app",
-        },
+        url = "{}",
+        sha256 = "{}",
+        move = {{
+            "MicrosoftEdge-{}.pkg/Payload/Microsoft Edge.app": "Edge.app",
+        }},
         build_file_content = \"\"\"
 load("@aspect_rules_js//js:defs.bzl", "js_library")
 package(default_visibility = ["//visibility:public"])
@@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ def edge():
 )
 \"\"\",
     )
-""" % (
+""".format(
             mac,
             mac_hash.lower(),
             mac_version,
@@ -233,8 +233,8 @@ def edge():
         content += """
     deb_archive(
         name = "linux_edge",
-        url = "%s",
-        sha256 = "%s",
+        url = "{}",
+        sha256 = "{}",
         build_file_content = \"\"\"
 load("@aspect_rules_js//js:defs.bzl", "js_library")
 package(default_visibility = ["//visibility:public"])
@@ -252,7 +252,7 @@ def edge():
 )
 \"\"\",
     )
-""" % (
+""".format(
             linux,
             linux_hash.lower()
         )
@@ -402,11 +402,11 @@ def firefox_version_data():
 
 
 def firefox_linux(version):
-    return "https://ftp.mozilla.org/pub/firefox/releases/%s/linux-x86_64/en-US/firefox-%s.tar.bz2" % (version, version)
+    return f"https://ftp.mozilla.org/pub/firefox/releases/{version}/linux-x86_64/en-US/firefox-{version}.tar.bz2"
 
 
 def firefox_mac(version):
-    return "https://ftp.mozilla.org/pub/firefox/releases/%s/mac/en-US/Firefox%%20%s.dmg" % (version, version)
+    return f"https://ftp.mozilla.org/pub/firefox/releases/{version}/mac/en-US/Firefox%20{version}.dmg"
 
 
 def print_firefox(version, workspace_name, sha_linux, sha_mac):
diff --git a/scripts/update_copyright.py b/scripts/update_copyright.py
index e1af49ec80ce2..04cea63a77875 100755
--- a/scripts/update_copyright.py
+++ b/scripts/update_copyright.py
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ def __init__(self, comment_characters='//', prefix=None):
 
     def update(self, files):
         for file in files:
-            with open(file, 'r', encoding='utf-8-sig') as f:
+            with open(file, encoding='utf-8-sig') as f:
                 lines = f.readlines()
 
             index = -1