AbstractAdapter#attempt_configure_connection: handle Timeout.timeout

If `configure_connection` fails because of `Timeout.timeout`, the
raised exception is `Timeout::ExitError` which directly inherits
`Exception`, so we must rescue `Exception`.

Author: byroot

activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_adapter.rb

@@ -1221,7 +1221,7 @@ def configure_connection
 
         def attempt_configure_connection
           configure_connection
-        rescue
+        rescue Exception # Need to handle things such as Timeout::ExitException
           disconnect!
           raise
         end

activerecord/test/cases/adapter_test.rb

@@ -894,6 +894,29 @@ def teardown
         connection&.disconnect!
       end
 
+      test "disconnect and recover on #configure_connection timeout" do
+        connection = ActiveRecord::Base.connection_pool.send(:new_connection)
+
+        slow = [5]
+        connection.singleton_class.define_method(:configure_connection) do
+          if duration = slow.pop
+            sleep duration
+          end
+          super()
+        end
+
+        assert_raises Timeout::Error do
+          Timeout.timeout(0.2) do
+            connection.exec_query("SELECT 1")
+          end
+        end
+
+        assert_equal [[1]], connection.exec_query("SELECT 1").rows
+        assert_empty failures
+      ensure
+        connection&.disconnect!
+      end
+
       private
         def raw_transaction_open?(connection)
           case connection.adapter_name