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drawing the network on an easy-to-use GUI. This provides an alternative to manually
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creating files and is useful for users without access to a 3D model.
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The main categories of blocks implemented in svZeroDSolver are:
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<ul>
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<li>Blood vessels</li>
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<li>Junctions</li>
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<li>Boundary conditions</li>
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<li>Heart chambers</li>
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<li>Heart valves</li>
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</ul>
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## Installation
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svZeroDSolver can be installed in two different ways. For using the Python API, an installation via pip is recommended.
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The modular architecture of svZeroDSolver relies on "blocks", such as blood vessels, junctions, valves, boundary conditions, etc. Users can assemble and connect these blocks together in a variety of ways to create extensive and customizable 0D circulation models.
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The main categories of blocks implemented in svZeroDSolver are:
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<ul>
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<li>Blood vessels</li>
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<li>Junctions</li>
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<li>Boundary conditions</li>
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<li>Heart chambers</li>
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<li>Heart valves</li>
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</ul>
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An overview of all currently implemented blocks can be found [here](https://simvascular.github.io/svZeroDSolver/class_block.html). This collection of building blocks allows to model extensive and complex vascular networks. Many examples of vascular networks can be found [here](https://github.com/simvascular/svZeroDSolver/tree/master/tests/cases). The assembly of these blocks is specified in the `.json` configuration file. The user guide below provides details.
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We are always interested in adding new blocks to expand the funcitonality of svZeroDSolver. For developers interested in contributing, please read the [Developer Guide](https://simvascular.github.io/svZeroDSolver/developer_guide.html).
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Flow rate, pressure, and other hemodynamic quantities in 0D models of vascular anatomies are governed by a system of nonlinear differential-algebraic equations (DAEs). In svZeroDSolver, the governing equations for a full 0D model are based on the governing equations for the individual blocks that make up the model.
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### Governing equations
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### Governing Equations
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For each block, with $N_d^e$ degrees-of-freedom and $N_e^e$ governing equations, we represent its governing equations as the following DAE:
where $\mathbf{r},\mathbf{y},\mathbf{c} \in \mathbb{R}^{N}$ and $\textbf{E},\textbf{F} \in \mathbb{R}^{N \times N}$. Here, $\mathbf{r}$ is the residual, $\mathbf{y}$ is the vector of solution quantities and $\dot{\mathbf{y}}$ is its time derivative. Note that the solution quantities are generally the pressure and flow at each node between blocks, as well as state variables internal to each block. $N$ is the total number of equations and the total number of global unknowns.
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The DAE system is solved implicitly using the generalized-$\alpha$ method (<ahref="#0d-Jansen2000">Jansen, et al., 2000</a>). A description of this is provided in the "Time integration" section of this documentation. We then use the Newton-Raphson method to iteratively solve
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The DAE system is solved implicitly using the generalized-$\alpha$ method (<ahref="#0d-Jansen2000">Jansen, et al., 2000</a>). A description of this is provided in the <ahref="#time-integration">Time Integration</a> section of this documentation. We then use the Newton-Raphson method to iteratively solve
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The implementation of the global governing equations is in the [SparseSystem class](https://simvascular.github.io/svZeroDSolver/class_sparse_system.html).
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### Time integration
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<h3id="time-integration">Time Integration</h3>
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