feat: Add Animal, Dog, Cat, and TestClass to demonstrate OOP concepts in Java

WHAT the code does:
Defines an Animal superclass with fields (name, age) and a makeSound() method.
Defines Dog as a subclass of Animal:
- Adds a field breed.
- Overrides makeSound() to print "Bark Woof Woof".
Defines Cat as a subclass of Dog:
- Overrides makeSound() to print "Meow Meow Meow".
Defines TestClass with main() to demonstrate inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction.

WHY this matters:
Shows how inheritance allows code reuse (Dog inherits name and age from Animal).
Illustrates method overriding, where subclasses provide their own behavior for makeSound().
Demonstrates polymorphism:
- An Animal reference can point to a Dog object.
- Calls to overridden methods execute subclass behavior at runtime.
Introduces abstraction through commentary: focusing on behavior (makeSound) rather than implementation details.

HOW it works:
Dog Obj = new Dog():
- Sets inherited fields (age, name) and Dog-specific field (breed).
Animal aa = new Dog():
- Reference type is Animal, object is Dog.
- aa.makeSound() calls Dog’s implementation due to dynamic dispatch.
Cat extends Dog, showing multilevel inheritance and further overriding.

Tips and gotchas:
Multilevel inheritance (Animal → Dog → Cat) works but should be used carefully to avoid deep hierarchies.
Using Animal aa = new Dog() demonstrates runtime polymorphism but limits access to Dog-specific fields like breed.
In real-world designs, interfaces (e.g., SoundMaker) may better express behavior contracts than base classes.
Avoid overusing inheritance; composition often provides cleaner, more flexible designs.

Use-cases:
Educational demonstration of inheritance, method overriding, and polymorphism in Java.
Foundation for teaching abstraction and the principles of object-oriented programming.
Practical stepping stone toward more advanced OOP topics like interfaces, abstract classes, and design patterns.

Short key: class-animal-dog-cat oop-inheritance polymorphism-abstraction.

Signed-off-by: https://github.com/Someshdiwan <[email protected]>

Author: Someshdiwan

Section11ObjectOrientedProgramming/OOPs 2.O/src/Test/Animal.java

@@ -4,8 +4,7 @@ public class Animal {
     String name;
     String age;
 
-    //Method Behavior hota hai
     public void makeSound() {
-        System.out.println("MAke Some sound");
+        System.out.println("Make Some sound");
     }
 }

Section11ObjectOrientedProgramming/OOPs 2.O/src/Test/Cat.java

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 package Test;
 
 public class Cat extends Dog {
-
     @Override
     public void makeSound() {
         System.out.println("Meow Meow Meow");

Section11ObjectOrientedProgramming/OOPs 2.O/src/Test/Dog.java

@@ -1,12 +1,11 @@
 package Test;
-//Inheritance and Acheving code re-use ability of code.
-public class Dog extends Animal
-{
+
+//Inheritance and Achieving code re-use ability of code.
+public class Dog extends Animal {
     String breed;
 
     @Override
-    public void makeSound()
-    {
+    public void makeSound() {
         System.out.println("Bark Woof Woof");
     }
 }

Section11ObjectOrientedProgramming/OOPs 2.O/src/Test/TestClass.java

@@ -1,28 +1,27 @@
 package Test;
 
-public class TestClass
-{
-    public static void main(String[] args)
-    {
-        Dog Dog = new Dog();
+public class TestClass {
+    public static void main(String[] args) {
+        Dog Obj = new Dog();
 
         //Inherit kar Raha hai properties ko.
-        Dog.age = "4";
-        Dog.breed = "Bob";
-        Dog.name = "Bob";
+        Obj.age = "4";
+        Obj.breed = "Bob";
+        Obj.name = "Bob";
 
 
-        //Polymorpisam
-        //Object create kar rahe hai. Dog ka obj and refrence Animal ka hai.
-        //Sub class ke obj kp treat kar sakte ho as a instance/refernces of super class.
-        Animal dog = new Dog();
-        dog.makeSound(); //Obj dog ka and referance super class ka
+        //Polymorphism.
+        //Object create kar rahe hai. Dog ka obj and reference Animal ka hai.
+        //Subclass ke obj kp treat kar sakte ho as a instance/references of super class.
+        Animal aa = new Dog();
+        aa.makeSound(); //Obj dog ka and reference super class ka.
 
         //Abstraction
-        //Hidding Implementaion details().
-        //Tv and remote ka exampl . we dont care about the internal working of the Tv just foucs on the working of remote.
+        //Hiding Implementation details().
+        //Tv and remote ka example .
+        //we don't care about the internal working of the Tv just focus on the working of remote.
         //Car chala rahe ho we hide details like gear working and other things.
     }
 }
 
-//imperative and Functional paradiam(classes and obj) are style of writing program code.
+//imperative and Functional paradigm(classes and obj) are style of writing program code.