feat: Add StaticAttributes class to demonstrate static vs instance variables.

WHAT the code does:
- Defines a class `StaticAttributes` with:
  - **Static attribute** `word` (shared across all objects).
  - **Instance attribute** `number` (unique per object).
- Constructor sets both `word` and `number`.
- `displayInfo()` prints current values of `word` and `number`.
- `changeWord()` is a static method to modify `word`.
- `main()` demonstrates:
  1. Accessing `word` directly via the class.
  2. Creating objects (`object1`, `object2`) that update `word` each time.
  3. Showing how all objects share the static `word`.
  4. Using `changeWord()` to update `word` again and observing the change across all instances.

WHY this matters:
- Demonstrates **difference between static and instance fields**.
- Shows how static members are shared across objects, while instance members remain unique.
- Reinforces class-level vs object-level data handling.

HOW it works:
1. Initially, `word = "ABC"`.
2. `object1 = new StaticAttributes("DEF", 2)` → `word = "DEF"`, `number = 2`.
3. `object2 = new StaticAttributes("GHI", 4)` → `word = "GHI"`, `number = 4`.
   - Since `word` is static, this update affects `object1` as well.
4. Calling `changeWord("JKL")` updates `word` for all objects.
5. Final prints show all objects reflecting the updated `word`.

Tips & gotchas:
- Static fields are shared → changing one changes all, which may cause unintended side effects.
- For object-specific values, use instance variables only.
- Static variables are often used for constants, counters, or utility/shared state.
- Good naming conventions (e.g., uppercase for constants) improve readability.

Use-cases:
- Educational demonstration of **static vs instance behavior**.
- Basis for counters (e.g., counting created objects).
- Managing class-level configuration shared by all instances.
- Useful in design patterns like Singleton or utility/helper classes.

Short key: class-static attributes-shared-vs-instance.

Signed-off-by: https://github.com/Someshdiwan <[email protected]>

Author: Someshdiwan

Section10Methods/Methods 2.O/src/StaticAttributes.java

@@ -1,47 +1,43 @@
-public class StaticAttributes
-{
-    //Static attributes//
-    public static String word = "ABC"; //word is initially "ABC"
+public class StaticAttributes {
+    // Static attributes.
+    public static String word = "ABC";
 
-    //Instance attributes//
+    //Instance attributes.
     public int number;
 
-    //Constructor//
-    public StaticAttributes(String a, int b)
-    {
+    //Constructor.
+    public StaticAttributes(String a, int b) {
         word = a;
         number = b;
     }
 
-    //Instance method//
-    public void displayInfo()
-    {
+    //Instance method.
+    public void displayInfo() {
         System.out.println("Word is " + word + ", number is " + number);
     }
 
-    //Static method//
-    public static void changeWord (String newWord)
-    {
+    //Static method.
+    public static void changeWord(String newWord) {
         word = newWord;
     }
 
-    public static void main(String[] args)
-    {
-        //we don't need to create an object to look up the value of a static variable, the class itself can be used
+    public static void main(String[] args) {
+        //we don't need to create an object to look up the value of a static variable,
+        //the class itself can be used.
         System.out.println(StaticAttributes.word);
 
-        //create the first object
+        //create the first object.
         StaticAttributes object1 = new StaticAttributes("DEF", 2);
         object1.displayInfo();
 
-        //create a second object
+        //create a second object.
         StaticAttributes object2 = new StaticAttributes("GHI", 4);
         object2.displayInfo();
 
         //notice object1 has been modified!
         object1.displayInfo();
 
-        //now change the static variable
+        //now change the static variable.
         changeWord("JKL");
 
         //the objects have been modified once again!