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for $x \in [-1,\,1]$. The initial conditions are chosen as
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```math
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```math
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y(-1) = 0,
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\quad
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y'(-1) = \lambda,
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```
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```
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so that the problem depends strongly on $\lambda$. As $\lambda$ grows, the equation becomes increasingly oscillatory (high-frequency), which can be challenging for general-purpose ODE solvers.
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2.**Airy Equation**
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The classical Airy equation can be written as
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```math
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```math
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y''(x) - x \, y(x) \;=\; 0,
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```
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```
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for $x \in [0,\,100]$. The Airy functions $\mathrm{Ai}$ and $\mathrm{Bi}$ form the fundamental solutions; however, here we pose initial conditions in terms of these functions at $x = 0$ and integrate out to $x = 100$. Numerically, one can write this as
The combination of the $t\,y'(t)$ and $t\,y(t)$ terms can produce stiffness as $t$ grows large.
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In each case, we compare several solvers:
@@ -133,9 +133,9 @@ In the Schrödinger equation benchmark, we consider a one-dimensional potential
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with some mass parameter $m$ (here $m=0.5$), seeking the bound-state energies for large quantum numbers. We do so by implementing a **shooting method**:
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