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| -# Methods |
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| - |
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| -Define and call functions that are part of an instance or type. |
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| - |
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| -*Methods* are functions that are associated with a particular type. |
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| -Classes, structures, and enumerations can all define instance methods, |
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| -which encapsulate specific tasks and functionality for working with an instance of a given type. |
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| -Classes, structures, and enumerations can also define type methods, |
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| -which are associated with the type itself. |
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| -Type methods are similar to class methods in Objective-C. |
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| - |
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| -The fact that structures and enumerations can define methods in Swift |
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| -is a major difference from C and Objective-C. |
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| -In Objective-C, classes are the only types that can define methods. |
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| -In Swift, you can choose whether to define a class, structure, or enumeration, |
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| -and still have the flexibility to define methods on the type you create. |
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| - |
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| -## Instance Methods |
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| - |
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| -*Instance methods* are functions that belong to instances of |
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| -a particular class, structure, or enumeration. |
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| -They support the functionality of those instances, |
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| -either by providing ways to access and modify instance properties, |
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| -or by providing functionality related to the instance's purpose. |
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| -Instance methods have exactly the same syntax as functions, |
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| -as described in <doc:Functions>. |
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| - |
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| -You write an instance method within the opening and closing braces of the type it belongs to. |
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| -An instance method has implicit access to all other instance methods and properties of that type. |
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| -An instance method can be called only on a specific instance of the type it belongs to. |
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| -It can't be called in isolation without an existing instance. |
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| - |
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| -Here's an example that defines a simple `Counter` class, |
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| -which can be used to count the number of times an action occurs: |
| 1 | +# 方法 |
| 2 | + |
| 3 | +定义并调用属于实例或类型的函数。 |
| 4 | + |
| 5 | +*方法*是与特定类型关联的函数。 |
| 6 | +类、结构体和枚举都可以定义实例方法,这些方法封装了处理给定类型实例的特定任务和功能。 |
| 7 | +类、结构体和枚举还可以定义类型方法,这些方法与类型本身相关联。 |
| 8 | +类型方法类似于 Objective-C 中的类方法。 |
| 9 | + |
| 10 | +结构体和枚举在 Swift 中能够定义方法,这是与 C 和 Objective-C 的一个重大区别。 |
| 11 | +在 Objective-C 中,只有类可以定义方法。 |
| 12 | +而在 Swift 中,无论你选择定义类、结构体或枚举,你都可以灵活地为你创建的类型定义方法。 |
| 13 | + |
| 14 | +## 实例方法 |
| 15 | + |
| 16 | +*实例方法*是属于某个类、结构体或枚举实例的函数。 |
| 17 | +它们通过提供访问和修改实例属性的方法,或者提供与实例功能相关的操作,来支持实例的整体功能。 |
| 18 | +实例方法的语法与函数完全相同,具体描述可以参见 <doc:Functions>。 |
| 19 | + |
| 20 | +你在定义类型时,将实例方法写在类型的大括号内。 |
| 21 | +实例方法可以隐式访问该类型的所有其他实例方法和属性。 |
| 22 | +实例方法只能在该类型的特定实例上调用,而不能在没有实例的情况下独立调用。 |
| 23 | + |
| 24 | +这是一个定义简单“Counter”类的示例,可用于计算某个动作发生的次数: |
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36 | 26 | ```swift
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37 | 27 | class Counter {
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