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control.rst

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Using Aether’s 5G connectivity service as an example, suppose an
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enterprise admin wants to change the *Quality-of-Service* for a group
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of mobile devices. Aether groups devices into a `Device-Group`
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abstraction where like devices may be configured together.
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This might include modifying the *Maximum Uplink
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Bandwidth* or *Maximum Downlink Bandwidth*, or even selecting a
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different *Traffic Class*. Similarly, imagine an operator wants to add a
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new *Mission-Critical* option to the existing set of *Traffic Classes*
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that the *Devices* can adopt. Without worrying about the exact syntax
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of the API call(s) for these operations, the Runtime Control subsystem
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needs to
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of mobile devices. Aether defines a *Device Group* abstraction so that
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related devices can be configured together. The admin can then modify
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the *Maximum Uplink Bandwidth* or *Maximum Downlink Bandwidth*, or
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even select a different *Traffic Class* for the group. Similarly,
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imagine an operator wants to add a new *Mission-Critical* option to
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the existing set of *Traffic Classes* that devices can adopt. Without
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worrying about the exact syntax of the API call(s) for these
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operations, the Runtime Control subsystem needs to:
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1. Authenticate the principal wanting to perform the operation.
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4. Record the specified parameter setting(s), so the new value(s)
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persist.
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In this example, *Device-Group* and *Traffic Class* are abstract
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In this example, *Device Group* and *Traffic Class* are abstract
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objects being operated upon, and while these objects must be
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understood by Runtime Control, making changes to them might involve
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invoking low-level control operations on multiple subsystems, such as

intro.rst

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These are all well known and ubiquitous, and so we only summarize them
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here. Links to related information for anyone that is not familiar
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with them (including excellent hands-on tutorials for the three
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software building blocks) are given below.
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container-related building blocks) are given below.
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Linux is the OS that runs on the bare metal systems. It provides
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low-level APIs that container runtime systems use to implement

provision.rst

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* Device Type
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* MAC Addresses
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Note there is typically both a primary and management (e.g., BMC/IPMI)
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Note there is typically both a primary and a management (e.g., BMC/IPMI)
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interface. One convenience feature of Netbox is to use the *Device Type* as a
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template that will set the default naming of interfaces, power connections, and
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other equipment model specific characteristics.
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template that sets the default naming of interfaces, power connections, and
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other equipment model specific attributes.
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Finally, the virtual interfaces for the Device must be specified, with its
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*Label* field set to the physical network interface that it is assigned. IP
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become settable through the Management Platform once the cluster is
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brought online.
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Manual configuration work done at this stage should be minimized, and most
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systems should be configured to use automated means of configuration. For
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example, using DHCP pervasively with MAC reservations for IP address assignment
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instead of manual configuration of each interface allows for management to be
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Zero Touch and simplifies future reconfiguration.
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Manual configuration work done at this stage should be minimized, and
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most systems should use automated means of configuration. For example,
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using DHCP pervasively with MAC reservations for IP address assignment
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instead of manual configuration of each interface allows for
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management to be zero-touch and simplifies future reconfiguration.
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The automated aspects of configuration are implemented as a set of
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Ansible *roles* and *playbooks*, which in terms of the high-level
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The Ansible playbooks install and configure the network services on the
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Management Server. The role of DNS and DHCP are obvious. As for iPXE and Nginx,
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they are used to bootstrap the rest of the infrastructure: the compute servers
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are configured by iPXE delivered over DHCP/TFTP, then loading the scripted OS
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installation from a Nginx webserver, and the fabric switches receive their
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Stratum OS package from a webserver.
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they are used to bootstrap the rest of the infrastructure. The compute servers
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are configured by iPXE delivered over DHCP/TFTP, and then load the scripted OS
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installation from a Nginx webserver. The fabric switches load their
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Stratum OS package from Nginx.
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In many cases, the playbooks use parameters—such as VLANs, IP
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addresses, DNS names, and so on—extracted from NetBox. :numref:`Figure
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%s <fig-ansible>` illustrates the approach, and fills in a few
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details. For example, a home-grown Python program (``edgeconfig.py``)
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extracts data from NetBox using the REST API and outputs a corresponding
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set of YAML files, crafted to serve as input to Ansible, which creates yet
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more configuration on management and compute systems. One example of this
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more configuration on the management and compute systems. One example of this
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is the *Netplan* file, which is used in Ubuntu to manage network interfaces.
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More information about Ansible and Netplan can be found on their respective web
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sites.
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sequence of API calls is a proven way to overcome that problem.
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We conclude the discussion by drawing attention to the fact that while
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we now have a declarative specification for our cloud infrastructure,
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which we refer to as the *Aether Platform*, these specification files
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are yet another software artifact that we check into the Config
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Repo. This is what we mean by Infrastructure-as-Code: infrastructure
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specifications are checked into a repo and version-controlled like
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any other code. This repo, in turn, feeds the lifecycle management
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pipeline described in the next chapter. The physical provisioning
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steps described in Section 3.1 happen "outside" the pipeline (which is
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why we don't just fold resource provisioning into Lifecycle
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Management), but it is fair to think of resource provisioning as
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"Stage 0" of lifecycle management.
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We conclude by drawing attention to the fact that while we now have a
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declarative specification for our cloud infrastructure, which we refer
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to as the *Aether Platform*, these specification files are yet another
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software artifact that we check into the Config Repo. This is what we
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mean by Infrastructure-as-Code: infrastructure specifications are
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checked into a repo and version-controlled like any other code. This
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repo, in turn, feeds the lifecycle management pipeline described in
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the next chapter. The physical provisioning steps described in Section
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3.1 happen "outside" the pipeline (which is why we don't just fold
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resource provisioning into Lifecycle Management), but it is fair to
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think of resource provisioning as "Stage 0" of lifecycle management.
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3.3 Platform Definition
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------------------------

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