diff --git a/.changeset/fix-prefetch-error-boundary.md b/.changeset/fix-prefetch-error-boundary.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2e80eb7e38
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.changeset/fix-prefetch-error-boundary.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+---
+"@tanstack/query-core": patch
+---
+
+Align experimental_prefetchInRender promise rejection with Suspense behavior by only throwing when no data is available.
diff --git a/packages/query-core/src/queryObserver.ts b/packages/query-core/src/queryObserver.ts
index 92978673f6..c05c25450c 100644
--- a/packages/query-core/src/queryObserver.ts
+++ b/packages/query-core/src/queryObserver.ts
@@ -592,11 +592,13 @@ export class QueryObserver<
     const nextResult = result as QueryObserverResult<TData, TError>
 
     if (this.options.experimental_prefetchInRender) {
+      const hasResultData = nextResult.data !== undefined
+      const isErrorWithoutData = nextResult.status === 'error' && !hasResultData
       const finalizeThenableIfPossible = (thenable: PendingThenable<TData>) => {
-        if (nextResult.status === 'error') {
+        if (isErrorWithoutData) {
           thenable.reject(nextResult.error)
-        } else if (nextResult.data !== undefined) {
-          thenable.resolve(nextResult.data)
+        } else if (hasResultData) {
+          thenable.resolve(nextResult.data as TData)
         }
       }
 
@@ -622,18 +624,12 @@ export class QueryObserver<
           }
           break
         case 'fulfilled':
-          if (
-            nextResult.status === 'error' ||
-            nextResult.data !== prevThenable.value
-          ) {
+          if (isErrorWithoutData || nextResult.data !== prevThenable.value) {
             recreateThenable()
           }
           break
         case 'rejected':
-          if (
-            nextResult.status !== 'error' ||
-            nextResult.error !== prevThenable.reason
-          ) {
+          if (!isErrorWithoutData || nextResult.error !== prevThenable.reason) {
             recreateThenable()
           }
           break
diff --git a/packages/react-query/src/__tests__/useQuery.promise.test.tsx b/packages/react-query/src/__tests__/useQuery.promise.test.tsx
index cef239a276..d376a4970b 100644
--- a/packages/react-query/src/__tests__/useQuery.promise.test.tsx
+++ b/packages/react-query/src/__tests__/useQuery.promise.test.tsx
@@ -1428,4 +1428,71 @@ describe('useQuery().promise', () => {
       expect(withinDOM().getByText('hasNextPage: true')).toBeInTheDocument()
     }
   })
+
+  it('should not throw to error boundary for refetch errors in infinite queries', async () => {
+    const key = queryKey()
+    const renderStream = createRenderStream({ snapshotDOM: true })
+
+    function Page() {
+      const query = useInfiniteQuery({
+        queryKey: key,
+        queryFn: async ({ pageParam = 0 }) => {
+          await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(1)
+          if (pageParam === 0) {
+            return { nextCursor: 1, data: 'page-1' }
+          }
+          throw new Error('page error')
+        },
+        initialPageParam: 0,
+        getNextPageParam: (lastPage) => lastPage.nextCursor,
+        retry: false,
+      })
+
+      const data = React.use(query.promise)
+
+      return (
+        <div>
+          <div>pages:{data.pages.length}</div>
+          <div>isError:{String(query.isError)}</div>
+          <div>isFetchNextPageError:{String(query.isFetchNextPageError)}</div>
+          <button onClick={() => query.fetchNextPage()}>fetchNext</button>
+        </div>
+      )
+    }
+
+    const rendered = await renderStream.render(
+      <QueryClientProvider client={queryClient}>
+        <ErrorBoundary fallbackRender={() => <div>error boundary</div>}>
+          <React.Suspense fallback="loading..">
+            <Page />
+          </React.Suspense>
+        </ErrorBoundary>
+      </QueryClientProvider>,
+    )
+
+    {
+      const { withinDOM } = await renderStream.takeRender()
+      expect(withinDOM().getByText('loading..')).toBeInTheDocument()
+    }
+
+    {
+      const { withinDOM } = await renderStream.takeRender()
+      expect(withinDOM().getByText('pages:1')).toBeInTheDocument()
+      expect(withinDOM().getByText('isError:false')).toBeInTheDocument()
+      expect(
+        withinDOM().getByText('isFetchNextPageError:false'),
+      ).toBeInTheDocument()
+    }
+
+    rendered.getByText('fetchNext').click()
+    await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(1)
+
+    await waitFor(() => {
+      expect(
+        rendered.getByText('isFetchNextPageError:true'),
+      ).toBeInTheDocument()
+    })
+
+    expect(rendered.queryByText('error boundary')).toBeNull()
+  })
 })