[pull] main from python:main

Doc/library/curses.rst

@@ -988,6 +988,10 @@ the following methods and attributes:
             window.getstr(y, x, n)
 
    Read a bytes object from the user, with primitive line editing capacity.
+   The maximum value for *n* is 2047.
+
+   .. versionchanged:: 3.14
+      The maximum value for *n* was increased from 1023 to 2047.
 
 
 .. method:: window.getyx()
@@ -1079,6 +1083,10 @@ the following methods and attributes:
    current cursor position, or at *y*, *x* if specified. Attributes are stripped
    from the characters.  If *n* is specified, :meth:`instr` returns a string
    at most *n* characters long (exclusive of the trailing NUL).
+   The maximum value for *n* is 2047.
+
+   .. versionchanged:: 3.14
+      The maximum value for *n* was increased from 1023 to 2047.
 
 
 .. method:: window.is_linetouched(line)

Doc/library/datetime.rst

@@ -1502,11 +1502,11 @@ Instance methods:
    returned by :func:`time.time`.
 
    Naive :class:`.datetime` instances are assumed to represent local
-   time and this method relies on the platform C :c:func:`mktime`
-   function to perform the conversion. Since :class:`.datetime`
-   supports wider range of values than :c:func:`mktime` on many
-   platforms, this method may raise :exc:`OverflowError` or :exc:`OSError`
-   for times far in the past or far in the future.
+   time and this method relies on platform C functions to perform
+   the conversion. Since :class:`.datetime` supports a wider range of
+   values than the platform C functions on many platforms, this
+   method may raise :exc:`OverflowError` or :exc:`OSError` for times
+   far in the past or far in the future.
 
    For aware :class:`.datetime` instances, the return value is computed
    as::
@@ -1519,6 +1519,10 @@ Instance methods:
       The :meth:`timestamp` method uses the :attr:`.fold` attribute to
       disambiguate the times during a repeated interval.
 
+   .. versionchanged:: 3.6
+      This method no longer relies on the platform C :c:func:`mktime`
+      function to perform conversions.
+
    .. note::
 
       There is no method to obtain the POSIX timestamp directly from a

Doc/library/io.rst

@@ -894,9 +894,10 @@ Text I/O
 
    .. attribute:: buffer
 
-      The underlying binary buffer (a :class:`BufferedIOBase` instance) that
-      :class:`TextIOBase` deals with.  This is not part of the
-      :class:`TextIOBase` API and may not exist in some implementations.
+      The underlying binary buffer (a :class:`BufferedIOBase`
+      or :class:`RawIOBase` instance) that :class:`TextIOBase` deals with.
+      This is not part of the :class:`TextIOBase` API and may not exist
+      in some implementations.
 
    .. method:: detach()
 

Doc/whatsnew/3.14.rst

@@ -1200,6 +1200,9 @@ ctypes
   making it a :term:`generic type`.
   (Contributed by Brian Schubert in :gh:`132168`.)
 
+* :mod:`ctypes` now supports :term:`free-threading builds <free threading>`.
+  (Contributed by Kumar Aditya and Peter Bierma in :gh:`127945`.)
+
 curses
 ------
 
@@ -1997,11 +2000,19 @@ Optimizations
 asyncio
 -------
 
-* :mod:`asyncio` now uses double linked list implementation for native tasks
-  which speeds up execution by 10% on standard pyperformance benchmarks and
-  reduces memory usage.
+* :mod:`asyncio` has a new per-thread double linked list implementation internally for
+  :class:`native tasks <asyncio.Task>` which speeds up execution by 10-20% on standard
+  pyperformance benchmarks and reduces memory usage.
+  This enables external introspection tools such as
+  :ref:`python -m asyncio pstree <whatsnew314-asyncio-introspection>`
+  to introspect the call graph of asyncio tasks running in all threads.
   (Contributed by Kumar Aditya in :gh:`107803`.)
 
+* :mod:`asyncio` has first class support for :term:`free-threading builds <free threading>`.
+  This enables parallel execution of multiple event loops across different threads and scales
+  linearly with the number of threads.
+  (Contributed by Kumar Aditya in :gh:`128002`.)
+
 * :mod:`asyncio` has new utility functions for introspecting and printing
   the program's call graph: :func:`asyncio.capture_call_graph` and
   :func:`asyncio.print_call_graph`.
@@ -2083,7 +2094,6 @@ Deprecated
     * :class:`asyncio.WindowsProactorEventLoopPolicy`
     * :func:`asyncio.get_event_loop_policy`
     * :func:`asyncio.set_event_loop_policy`
-    * :func:`asyncio.set_event_loop`
 
     Users should use :func:`asyncio.run` or :class:`asyncio.Runner` with
     *loop_factory* to use the desired event loop implementation.

Lib/_pyrepl/_module_completer.py

@@ -81,8 +81,10 @@ def find_modules(self, path: str, prefix: str) -> list[str]:
     def _find_modules(self, path: str, prefix: str) -> list[str]:
         if not path:
             # Top-level import (e.g. `import foo<tab>`` or `from foo<tab>`)`
-            builtin_modules = [name for name in sys.builtin_module_names if name.startswith(prefix)]
-            third_party_modules = [name for _, name, _ in self.global_cache if name.startswith(prefix)]
+            builtin_modules = [name for name in sys.builtin_module_names
+                               if self.is_suggestion_match(name, prefix)]
+            third_party_modules = [module.name for module in self.global_cache
+                                   if self.is_suggestion_match(module.name, prefix)]
             return sorted(builtin_modules + third_party_modules)
 
         if path.startswith('.'):
@@ -98,7 +100,14 @@ def _find_modules(self, path: str, prefix: str) -> list[str]:
                        if mod_info.ispkg and mod_info.name == segment]
             modules = self.iter_submodules(modules)
         return [module.name for module in modules
-                if module.name.startswith(prefix)]
+                if self.is_suggestion_match(module.name, prefix)]
+
+    def is_suggestion_match(self, module_name: str, prefix: str) -> bool:
+        if prefix:
+            return module_name.startswith(prefix)
+        # For consistency with attribute completion, which
+        # does not suggest private attributes unless requested.
+        return not module_name.startswith("_")
 
     def iter_submodules(self, parent_modules: list[pkgutil.ModuleInfo]) -> Iterator[pkgutil.ModuleInfo]:
         """Iterate over all submodules of the given parent modules."""

Lib/_pyrepl/simple_interact.py

@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@
 import sys
 import code
 import warnings
+import errno
 
 from .readline import _get_reader, multiline_input, append_history_file
 
@@ -153,6 +154,7 @@ def maybe_run_command(statement: str) -> bool:
                 append_history_file()
             except (FileNotFoundError, PermissionError, OSError) as e:
                 warnings.warn(f"failed to open the history file for writing: {e}")
+
             input_n += 1
         except KeyboardInterrupt:
             r = _get_reader()

Lib/_strptime.py

@@ -302,7 +302,7 @@ def __init__(self, locale_time=None):
             # W is set below by using 'U'
             'y': r"(?P<y>\d\d)",
             'Y': r"(?P<Y>\d\d\d\d)",
-            'z': r"(?P<z>[+-]\d\d:?[0-5]\d(:?[0-5]\d(\.\d{1,6})?)?|(?-i:Z))",
+            'z': r"(?P<z>([+-]\d\d:?[0-5]\d(:?[0-5]\d(\.\d{1,6})?)?)|(?-i:Z))?",
             'A': self.__seqToRE(self.locale_time.f_weekday, 'A'),
             'a': self.__seqToRE(self.locale_time.a_weekday, 'a'),
             'B': self.__seqToRE(self.locale_time.f_month[1:], 'B'),
@@ -548,27 +548,28 @@ def _strptime(data_string, format="%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y"):
             iso_week = int(found_dict['V'])
         elif group_key == 'z':
             z = found_dict['z']
-            if z == 'Z':
-                gmtoff = 0
-            else:
-                if z[3] == ':':
-                    z = z[:3] + z[4:]
-                    if len(z) > 5:
-                        if z[5] != ':':
-                            msg = f"Inconsistent use of : in {found_dict['z']}"
-                            raise ValueError(msg)
-                        z = z[:5] + z[6:]
-                hours = int(z[1:3])
-                minutes = int(z[3:5])
-                seconds = int(z[5:7] or 0)
-                gmtoff = (hours * 60 * 60) + (minutes * 60) + seconds
-                gmtoff_remainder = z[8:]
-                # Pad to always return microseconds.
-                gmtoff_remainder_padding = "0" * (6 - len(gmtoff_remainder))
-                gmtoff_fraction = int(gmtoff_remainder + gmtoff_remainder_padding)
-                if z.startswith("-"):
-                    gmtoff = -gmtoff
-                    gmtoff_fraction = -gmtoff_fraction
+            if z:
+                if z == 'Z':
+                    gmtoff = 0
+                else:
+                    if z[3] == ':':
+                        z = z[:3] + z[4:]
+                        if len(z) > 5:
+                            if z[5] != ':':
+                                msg = f"Inconsistent use of : in {found_dict['z']}"
+                                raise ValueError(msg)
+                            z = z[:5] + z[6:]
+                    hours = int(z[1:3])
+                    minutes = int(z[3:5])
+                    seconds = int(z[5:7] or 0)
+                    gmtoff = (hours * 60 * 60) + (minutes * 60) + seconds
+                    gmtoff_remainder = z[8:]
+                    # Pad to always return microseconds.
+                    gmtoff_remainder_padding = "0" * (6 - len(gmtoff_remainder))
+                    gmtoff_fraction = int(gmtoff_remainder + gmtoff_remainder_padding)
+                    if z.startswith("-"):
+                        gmtoff = -gmtoff
+                        gmtoff_fraction = -gmtoff_fraction
         elif group_key == 'Z':
             # Since -1 is default value only need to worry about setting tz if
             # it can be something other than -1.

Lib/pprint.py

@@ -248,6 +248,49 @@ def _pprint_ordered_dict(self, object, stream, indent, allowance, context, level
 
     _dispatch[_collections.OrderedDict.__repr__] = _pprint_ordered_dict
 
+    def _pprint_dict_view(self, object, stream, indent, allowance, context, level):
+        """Pretty print dict views (keys, values, items)."""
+        if isinstance(object, self._dict_items_view):
+            key = _safe_tuple
+        else:
+            key = _safe_key
+        write = stream.write
+        write(object.__class__.__name__ + '([')
+        if self._indent_per_level > 1:
+            write((self._indent_per_level - 1) * ' ')
+        length = len(object)
+        if length:
+            if self._sort_dicts:
+                entries = sorted(object, key=key)
+            else:
+                entries = object
+            self._format_items(entries, stream, indent, allowance + 1,
+                               context, level)
+        write('])')
+
+    def _pprint_mapping_abc_view(self, object, stream, indent, allowance, context, level):
+        """Pretty print mapping views from collections.abc."""
+        write = stream.write
+        write(object.__class__.__name__ + '(')
+        # Dispatch formatting to the view's _mapping
+        self._format(object._mapping, stream, indent, allowance, context, level)
+        write(')')
+
+    _dict_keys_view = type({}.keys())
+    _dispatch[_dict_keys_view.__repr__] = _pprint_dict_view
+
+    _dict_values_view = type({}.values())
+    _dispatch[_dict_values_view.__repr__] = _pprint_dict_view
+
+    _dict_items_view = type({}.items())
+    _dispatch[_dict_items_view.__repr__] = _pprint_dict_view
+
+    _dispatch[_collections.abc.MappingView.__repr__] = _pprint_mapping_abc_view
+
+    _view_reprs = {cls.__repr__ for cls in
+                   (_dict_keys_view, _dict_values_view, _dict_items_view,
+                    _collections.abc.MappingView)}
+
     def _pprint_list(self, object, stream, indent, allowance, context, level):
         stream.write('[')
         self._format_items(object, stream, indent, allowance + 1,
@@ -610,6 +653,42 @@ def _safe_repr(self, object, context, maxlevels, level):
             del context[objid]
             return "{%s}" % ", ".join(components), readable, recursive
 
+        if issubclass(typ, _collections.abc.MappingView) and r in self._view_reprs:
+            objid = id(object)
+            if maxlevels and level >= maxlevels:
+                return "{...}", False, objid in context
+            if objid in context:
+                return _recursion(object), False, True
+            key = _safe_key
+            if issubclass(typ, (self._dict_items_view, _collections.abc.ItemsView)):
+                key = _safe_tuple
+            if hasattr(object, "_mapping"):
+                # Dispatch formatting to the view's _mapping
+                mapping_repr, readable, recursive = self.format(
+                    object._mapping, context, maxlevels, level)
+                return (typ.__name__ + '(%s)' % mapping_repr), readable, recursive
+            elif hasattr(typ, "_mapping"):
+                #  We have a view that somehow has lost its type's _mapping, raise
+                #  an error by calling repr() instead of failing cryptically later
+                return repr(object), True, False
+            if self._sort_dicts:
+                object = sorted(object, key=key)
+            context[objid] = 1
+            readable = True
+            recursive = False
+            components = []
+            append = components.append
+            level += 1
+            for val in object:
+                vrepr, vreadable, vrecur = self.format(
+                    val, context, maxlevels, level)
+                append(vrepr)
+                readable = readable and vreadable
+                if vrecur:
+                    recursive = True
+            del context[objid]
+            return typ.__name__ + '([%s])' % ", ".join(components), readable, recursive
+
         if (issubclass(typ, list) and r is list.__repr__) or \
            (issubclass(typ, tuple) and r is tuple.__repr__):
             if issubclass(typ, list):

Lib/site.py

@@ -75,6 +75,7 @@
 import _sitebuiltins
 import _io as io
 import stat
+import errno
 
 # Prefixes for site-packages; add additional prefixes like /usr/local here
 PREFIXES = [sys.prefix, sys.exec_prefix]
@@ -578,10 +579,15 @@ def register_readline():
         def write_history():
             try:
                 readline_module.write_history_file(history)
-            except (FileNotFoundError, PermissionError):
+            except FileNotFoundError, PermissionError:
                 # home directory does not exist or is not writable
                 # https://bugs.python.org/issue19891
                 pass
+            except OSError:
+                if errno.EROFS:
+                    pass  # gh-128066: read-only file system
+                else:
+                    raise
 
         atexit.register(write_history)
 

Lib/test/datetimetester.py

@@ -2972,6 +2972,17 @@ def test_strptime_leap_year(self):
         with self._assertNotWarns(DeprecationWarning):
             self.theclass.strptime('02-29,2024', '%m-%d,%Y')
 
+    def test_strptime_z_empty(self):
+        for directive in ('z',):
+            string = '2025-04-25 11:42:47'
+            format = f'%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S%{directive}'
+            target = self.theclass(2025, 4, 25, 11, 42, 47)
+            with self.subTest(string=string,
+                              format=format,
+                              target=target):
+                result = self.theclass.strptime(string, format)
+                self.assertEqual(result, target)
+
     def test_more_timetuple(self):
         # This tests fields beyond those tested by the TestDate.test_timetuple.
         t = self.theclass(2004, 12, 31, 6, 22, 33)

Lib/test/test_builtin.py

@@ -1120,6 +1120,7 @@ def test_filter_pickle(self):
             self.check_iter_pickle(f1, list(f2), proto)
 
     @support.skip_wasi_stack_overflow()
+    @support.skip_emscripten_stack_overflow()
     @support.requires_resource('cpu')
     def test_filter_dealloc(self):
         # Tests recursive deallocation of nested filter objects using the

Lib/test/test_capi/test_misc.py

@@ -412,10 +412,12 @@ def test_trashcan_subclass(self):
             L = MyList((L,))
 
     @support.requires_resource('cpu')
+    @support.skip_emscripten_stack_overflow()
     def test_trashcan_python_class1(self):
         self.do_test_trashcan_python_class(list)
 
     @support.requires_resource('cpu')
+    @support.skip_emscripten_stack_overflow()
     def test_trashcan_python_class2(self):
         from _testcapi import MyList
         self.do_test_trashcan_python_class(MyList)

Lib/test/test_descr.py

@@ -4523,6 +4523,7 @@ class Oops(object):
         del o
 
     @support.skip_wasi_stack_overflow()
+    @support.skip_emscripten_stack_overflow()
     @support.requires_resource('cpu')
     def test_wrapper_segfault(self):
         # SF 927248: deeply nested wrappers could cause stack overflow

Lib/test/test_exceptions.py

@@ -1429,6 +1429,7 @@ def g():
         self.assertIn("maximum recursion depth exceeded", str(exc))
 
     @support.skip_wasi_stack_overflow()
+    @support.skip_emscripten_stack_overflow()
     @cpython_only
     @support.requires_resource('cpu')
     def test_trashcan_recursion(self):

Lib/test/test_io.py

@@ -572,7 +572,7 @@ def do_test(test, obj, abilities):
         for [test, abilities] in tests:
             with self.subTest(test):
                 if test == pipe_writer and not threading_helper.can_start_thread:
-                    skipTest()
+                    self.skipTest("Need threads")
                 with test() as obj:
                     do_test(test, obj, abilities)