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fix(linux): Fix vale errors and warnings in MMC docs
This fixes warnings and errors reported by vale linter for MMC docs. Signed-off-by: Judith Mendez <[email protected]>
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source/linux/Foundational_Components/Kernel/Kernel_Drivers/Storage/MMC-SD.rst

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.. http://processors.wiki.ti.com/index.php/Linux_Core_MMC/SD_User%27s_Guide
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MMC/SD
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######
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MMCSD
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#####
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.. ifconfig:: CONFIG_part_family in ('AM62X_family', 'AM62PX_family')
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.. warning::
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There is important information on multimedia card (MMC) support for |__PART_FAMILY_DEVICE_NAMES__| device, go
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:ref:`here <mmc-support-linux>` for more information.
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Introduction
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************
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The multimedia card high-speed/SDIO (MMC/SDIO) host controller provides
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an interface between a local host (LH) such as a microprocessor unit
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(MPU) or digital signal processor (DSP) and either MMC, SD® memory
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cards, or SDIO cards and handles MMC/SDIO transactions with minimal LH
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intervention.
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The multimedia card secure digital (MMCSD) host controller provides an interface between a local host (LH)
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such as a microprocessor unit (MPU) or digital signal processor (DSP) and either embedded multimedia card (eMMC),
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secure digital (SD), or secure digital input/output (SDIO) devices. The MMCSD host controller handles MMCSD and
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SDIO protocol with minimal LH intervention.
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.. ifconfig:: CONFIG_part_family in ('General_family', 'AM335X_family', 'AM437X_family', 'AM57X_family')
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Main features of the MMC/SDIO host controllers:
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Main features of the MMCSD host controllers:
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- Full compliance with MMC/SD command/response sets as defined in the
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- Full compliance with MMCSD command/response sets as defined in the
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Specification.
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- Support:
@@ -29,9 +35,9 @@ intervention.
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- Two slave DMA channels (1 for TX, 1 for RX)
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- Designed for low power and programmable clock generation
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- Maximum operating frequency of 48MHz
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- MMC/SD card hot insertion and removal
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- MMCSD card hot insertion and removal
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The following image shows the MMC/SD Driver Architecture:
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The following image shows the MMCSD Driver Architecture:
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.. Image:: /images/Mmcsd_Driver.png
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@@ -41,23 +47,6 @@ References
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#. `JEDEC eMMC homepage <http://www.jedec.org/category/technology-focus-area/flash-memory-ssds-ufs-emmc//>`__
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#. `SD organization homepage <http://www.sdcard.org//>`__
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Acronyms & Definitions
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**********************
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+-----------+--------------------+
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| Acronym | Definition |
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+===========+====================+
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| MMC | Multimedia Card |
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+-----------+--------------------+
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| HS-MMC | High Speed MMC |
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+-----------+--------------------+
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| SD | Secure Digital |
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+-----------+--------------------+
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| SDHC | SD High Capacity |
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+-----------+--------------------+
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| SDIO | SD Input/Output |
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+-----------+--------------------+
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Features
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********
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@@ -66,12 +55,12 @@ Features
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The SD driver supports the following features:
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- The driver is built in-kernel (part of vmlinux)
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- SD cards including SD High Speed and SDHC cards
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- SD cards including SD High Speed and secure digital high capacity (SDHC) cards
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- Uses block bounce buffer to aggregate scattered blocks
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.. ifconfig:: CONFIG_part_family in ('J7_family')
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The SD/MMC driver supports the following features:
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The MMCSD driver supports the following features:
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- Support ADMA for DMA transfers
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- HS400 speed mode
@@ -80,17 +69,17 @@ Features
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.. ifconfig:: CONFIG_part_family in ('AM62X_family', 'AM62AX_family', 'AM64X_family', 'AM62LX_family', 'AM62PX_family')
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The SD/MMC driver supports the following features:
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The MMCSD driver supports the following features:
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- Support ADMA for DMA transfers
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- HS200 speed mode
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- Support for both built-in and module mode
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- ext2/ext3/ext4 file system support
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.. _mmc-sd-supported-hs-modes:
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.. _mmc-supported-uhs-modes:
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SD: Supported High Speed Modes
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******************************
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Supported ultra high speed (UHS) modes
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**************************************
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.. ifconfig:: CONFIG_part_family in ('General_family', 'AM57X_family', 'AM65X_family')
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@@ -153,9 +142,9 @@ SD: Supported High Speed Modes
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| PATRIOT 8G UHS CARD - Voltage switching fails and enumerates in high speed |
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+------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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**Known Workaround**: For cards which doesn't enumerate in UHS mode,
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**Known Workaround**: For cards that don't enumerate in UHS mode,
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removing the PULLUP resistor in CLK line and changing the GPIO to
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PULLDOWN increases the frequency in which the card enumerates in UHS
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PULLDOWN increases the frequency that the card enumerates in UHS
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modes.
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+--------------------+-------+---------+
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am62px, Y, Y, N
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am62lx, Y, Y, N
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Driver Configuration
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Driver configuration
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********************
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.. ifconfig:: CONFIG_part_family in ('General_family', 'AM335X_family', 'AM437X_family', 'AM57X_family')
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The default kernel configuration enables support for MMC/SD(built-in to kernel).
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The default kernel configuration enables support for MMCSD(built-in to kernel).
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The selection of MMC/SD/SDIO driver can be modified using the linux kernel
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The selection of MMCSD/SDIO driver can be modified using the linux kernel
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configuration tool. Launch it by the following command:
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.. code-block:: console
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$ sudo -E make modules_install ARCH=arm INSTALL_MOD_PATH=path/to/filesystem
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Boot the kernel upto kernel prompt and use modprobe to insert the driver
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Boot the kernel up-to kernel prompt and use modprobe to insert the driver
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module and all its dependencies.
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.. code-block:: console
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.. ifconfig:: CONFIG_part_family in ('J7_family', 'AM62X_family', 'AM64X_family', 'AM62AX_family', 'AM62PX_family', 'AM62LX_family')
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The default kernel configuration enables support for MMC/SD driver as
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The default kernel configuration enables support for MMCSD driver as
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built-in to kernel. TI SDHCI driver is used. Following options need to be
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configured in Linux Kernel for successfully selecting SDHCI driver for
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|__PART_FAMILY_DEVICE_NAMES__|.
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If an operation is delayed for too long, it becomes critical, taking
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priority over the regular read/write from host. This can cause host
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operations to be delayed or take more time than expected. To avoid such
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issues the MMC HW and core driver provide a framework which can check
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issues the multimedia card (MMC) HW and core driver provide a framework that can check
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for pending background operations and give the card some time to service
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them before they become critical. This feature is already part of the
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framework and to start using it the User needs to enable:
@@ -347,8 +336,8 @@ Driver Configuration
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root@<machine>:mmc bkops enable /dev/mmcblk0
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You can find the instance of eMMC by reading the ios timing spec form
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debugfs:
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You can find the instance of eMMC by reading the ios timing spec from
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debug filesystem (debugfs):
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.. code-block:: console
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@@ -416,10 +405,10 @@ MMC support in Linux
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There is no missing MMC support for |__PART_FAMILY_DEVICE_NAMES__| device.
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.. ifconfig:: CONFIG_part_family not in ('General_family', 'AM57X_family', 'AM335X_family', 'AM437X_family')
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Steps for working around SD card issues in Linux
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************************************************
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Steps for working around SD card issues in Linux
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************************************************
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.. ifconfig:: CONFIG_part_family not in ('General_family', 'AM57X_family', 'AM335X_family', 'AM437X_family')
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In some cases, failures can be seen while using some SD cards:
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#. Restricting to a given speed mode
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By default the kernel driver tries to enumerate an SD card in the highest supported
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speed mode. Below is the order in which the driver tries to enumerate an SD card:
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speed mode. Below is the order that the driver tries to enumerate an SD card:
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- SDR104
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- DDR50
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};
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Limiting to SD HS speed mode can also be done by using the property
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**no-1-8-v**. This disables switching to 1.8V which is required for
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**no-1-8-v**. This disables switching to 1.8V, which is required for
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UHS speed modes(SDR104, DDR50, SDR50, SDR25, SDR12):
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.. code-block:: dts
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sdhci2: mmc@fa20000 {
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.. ifconfig:: CONFIG_part_family in ('General_family', 'AM57X_family', 'AM335X_family', 'AM437X_family')
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Steps for working around SD card issues in Linux documentation is pending for |__PART_FAMILY_DEVICE_NAMES__|
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please reach out to: `Help e2e <https://e2e.ti.com//>`__ for additional information.
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|
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.. _mmc-listing-mmc-devices-linux:
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Listing MMC devices from Linux
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******************************
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eMMC and SD cards are registered to the MMC subsystem and availiable as a block device
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as :file:`/dev/mmcblk{n}`. To find which device index **n** corresponds to eMMC device,
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eMMC and SD cards register with the MMC subsystem and are available as a block device
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as :file:`/dev/mmcblk{n}`. To find the device index **n** corresponding to an eMMC device,
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check which device includes :file:`mmcblk{n}boot0` and :file:`mmcblk{n}boot1`. Here,
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mmcblk0* is in eMMC.
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brw-rw---- 1 root disk 179, 97 Jan 1 00:00 /dev/mmcblk1p1
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brw-rw---- 1 root disk 179, 98 Jan 8 2025 /dev/mmcblk1p2
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The disk partitions for each MMC device are displayed as :file:`/dev/mmcblk{n}p{x}`,
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to see what disk partitions exist for an eMMC device and if they are mounted, use the
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command :command:`lsblk`, like so:
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The disk partitions for each MMC device are displayed as :file:`/dev/mmcblk{n}p{x}`.
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To check existing or mounted disk partitions for an eMMC device, use the
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command :command:`lsblk`, such as:
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.. code-block:: console
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|-mmcblk1p1 179:97 0 128M 0 part /run/media/boot-mmcblk1p1
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`-mmcblk1p2 179:98 0 1.9G 0 part /
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Use the :command:`mount` and :command:`umount` commands to mount and unmount disk partitions
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if they are formated, usally to vfat or ext4 types.
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Use the :command:`mount` and :command:`umount` commands to mount and unmount formatted disk
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partitions, usually to virtual file allocation table (vfat) or fourth extended file system (ext4) types.
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.. _mmc-create-partitions-in-emmc-linux:
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Create partitions in eMMC UDA
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*****************************
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In eMMC, the User Data Area (UDA) HW partition is the primary storage space generally used
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to flash the rootfs. To create disk partitions in UDA, use the :command:`fdisk` command.
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For ex: :samp:`fdisk /dev/mmcblk{n}` in which **n** is typically 0 or 1. In the example above,
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In eMMC, the user data area (UDA) HW partition is the primary storage space generally used
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to flash the root filesystem (rootfs). To create disk partitions in UDA, use the :command:`fdisk` command.
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For ex: :samp:`fdisk /dev/mmcblk{n}` in which **n** is typically 0 or 1. In the previous example,
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eMMC is :samp:`fdisk /dev/mmcblk0`.
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For documentation on using fdisk, please go to: `fdisk how-to <https://tldp.org/HOWTO/Partition/fdisk_partitioning.html>`__.
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For documentation on using fdisk command, go to: `fdisk how-to <https://tldp.org/HOWTO/Partition/fdisk_partitioning.html>`__.
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**Erase eMMC UDA**
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In Linux, before creating disk partitions, we can optionally erase eMMC UDA using :command:`dd`
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In Linux, before creating disk partitions, we can optionally erase eMMC UDA by using :command:`dd`
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command:
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.. code-block:: console
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root@<machine>:~# umount /dev/mmcblk0*
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root@<machine>:~# dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/mmcblk0 bs=1M count=n
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where ``n`` should be determined according the the following formula: ``count = total size UDA (bytes) / bs``.
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where ``n`` should be determined according to the following formula: ``count = total size UDA (bytes) / bs``.
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.. _mmc-create-boot-partition-emmc-linux:
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Create "boot" partition
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=======================
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In this example create a "boot" partition of size 400 MiB which can be formatted to vfat type
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and will store the bootloader binaries.
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and will store the boot loader binaries.
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.. code-block:: console
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Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
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Syncing disks.
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Make sure bootable flag is set for "boot" partition, ROM may not boot from this patitition
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Make sure bootable flag is set for "boot" partition, ROM might not boot from this partition
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if bootable flag is not set.
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.. _mmc-create-root-partition-emmc-linux:
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Formatting eMMC partitions from Linux
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*************************************
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After creating a partition/s, the partition can be formated with the :command:`mkfs` command.
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After creating a partition/s, the partition can be formatted with the :command:`mkfs` command.
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For ex: :samp:`mkfs -t ext4 /dev/mmcblk{n}` where **mmcblk{n}** is the MMC device with the new
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disk partitions to format. The general syntax for formatting disk partitions in Linux is:
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*************************
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In this example, we show one simple method for flashing to eMMC for MMCSD boot from
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eMMC UDA in FS mode. Please know this is not the only method for flashing the eMMC
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for this bootmode.
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eMMC UDA in filesystem (FS) mode. Know this is not the only method for flashing the eMMC for this
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boot mode.
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This example assumes the current bootmode is MMCSD boot from SD (FS mode)
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This example assumes the current boot mode is MMCSD boot from SD (FS mode)
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.. _mmc-flash-emmc-uda-boot:
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root@<machine>:~# mount /dev/mmcblk0p1 /mnt/eboot
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root@<machine>:~# mount /dev/mmcblk1p1 /mnt/sdboot
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Verify the partitions are mounted to the correct folders using :command:`lsblk` command in the
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Verify the partitions are mounted to the correct folders by using :command:`lsblk` command in the
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column labeled :file:`MOUNTPOINTS`.
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.. code-block:: console
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|-mmcblk1p1 179:97 0 128M 0 part /mnt/sdboot
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`-mmcblk1p2 179:98 0 8.7G 0 part /
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Now we can copy bootloader binaries to eMMC and umount the partitions when writes finish.
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Now we can copy boot loader binaries to eMMC and umount the partitions when writes finish.
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.. code-block:: console
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[69229.982452] EXT4-fs (mmcblk0p2): mounted filesystem 74d40075-07e4-4bce-9401-6fccef68e934 r/w with ordered data mode. Quota mode: none.
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root@<machine>:~# mount /dev/mmcblk1p2 /mnt/sdroot
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Verify the partitions are mounted to the correct folders using :command:`lsblk` command in the
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Verify the partitions are mounted to the correct folders by using :command:`lsblk` command in the
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column labeled :file:`MOUNTPOINTS`.
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.. code-block:: console
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`-mmcblk1p2 179:98 0 8.7G 0 part /mnt/sdroot
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/
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Now we can copy rootfs to eMMC (either from SD rootfs or from tarball) and umount the partitions
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Now we can copy rootfs to eMMC (either from SD rootfs or from tar file) and umount the partitions
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when writes finish.
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**From SD**
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root@<machine>:~# umount /mnt/*
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[70154.205154] EXT4-fs (mmcblk0p2): unmounting filesystem 74d40075-07e4-4bce-9401-6fccef68e934.
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**From tarball**
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**From tar file**
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This sections requires for tisdk-base-image-<soc>evm.rootfs.tar.xz to have been previously copied
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to the SD card rootfs.

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