[BUG] `rich.markdown` renders some content with unwanted blank lines

[iwinux]

• I've checked docs and closed issues for possible solutions.
• I can't find my issue in the FAQ.

Problem

rich.markdown renders some content with unwanted blank lines. It seems to be caused by the presence of <kbd> tags.

Reproduce

# Notice the blank lines between "Items" and "START"
$ printf 'Items:\n- START\n- <kbd>Ctrl-C</kbd>\n- END\n' | python3 -m rich.markdown -
Items:



 • START
 • Ctrl-C
 • END

Normal:

$ printf 'Items:\n- START\n- `Ctrl-C`\n- END\n' | python3 -m rich.markdown -
Items:

 • START
 • Ctrl-C
 • END

Platform

Click to expand

• OS: macOS
• Python: 3.12.8
• rich: 14.1.0
• Terminal: Ghostty v1.2.0

What platform (Win/Linux/Mac) are you running on? What terminal software are you using?

╭───────────────────────── <class 'rich.console.Console'> ─────────────────────────╮
│ A high level console interface.                                                  │
│                                                                                  │
│ ╭──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮ │
│ │ <console width=262 None>                                                     │ │
│ ╰──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯ │
│                                                                                  │
│     color_system = None                                                          │
│         encoding = 'utf-8'                                                       │
│             file = <_io.TextIOWrapper name='<stdout>' mode='w' encoding='utf-8'> │
│           height = 32                                                            │
│    is_alt_screen = False                                                         │
│ is_dumb_terminal = False                                                         │
│   is_interactive = False                                                         │
│       is_jupyter = False                                                         │
│      is_terminal = False                                                         │
│   legacy_windows = False                                                         │
│         no_color = False                                                         │
│          options = ConsoleOptions(                                               │
│                        size=ConsoleDimensions(width=262, height=32),             │
│                        legacy_windows=False,                                     │
│                        min_width=1,                                              │
│                        max_width=262,                                            │
│                        is_terminal=False,                                        │
│                        encoding='utf-8',                                         │
│                        max_height=32,                                            │
│                        justify=None,                                             │
│                        overflow=None,                                            │
│                        no_wrap=False,                                            │
│                        highlight=None,                                           │
│                        markup=None,                                              │
│                        height=None                                               │
│                    )                                                             │
│            quiet = False                                                         │
│           record = False                                                         │
│         safe_box = True                                                          │
│             size = ConsoleDimensions(width=262, height=32)                       │
│        soft_wrap = False                                                         │
│           stderr = False                                                         │
│            style = None                                                          │
│         tab_size = 8                                                             │
│            width = 262                                                           │
╰──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
╭─── <class 'rich._windows.WindowsConsoleFeatures'> ────╮
│ Windows features available.                           │
│                                                       │
│ ╭───────────────────────────────────────────────────╮ │
│ │ WindowsConsoleFeatures(vt=False, truecolor=False) │ │
│ ╰───────────────────────────────────────────────────╯ │
│                                                       │
│ truecolor = False                                     │
│        vt = False                                     │
╰───────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
╭────── Environment Variables ───────╮
│ {                                  │
│     'CLICOLOR': None,              │
│     'COLORTERM': 'truecolor',      │
│     'COLUMNS': None,               │
│     'JPY_PARENT_PID': None,        │
│     'JUPYTER_COLUMNS': None,       │
│     'JUPYTER_LINES': None,         │
│     'LINES': None,                 │
│     'NO_COLOR': None,              │
│     'TERM_PROGRAM': 'zed',         │
│     'TERM': 'xterm-256color',      │
│     'TTY_COMPATIBLE': None,        │
│     'TTY_INTERACTIVE': None,       │
│     'VSCODE_VERBOSE_LOGGING': None │
│ }                                  │
╰────────────────────────────────────╯
platform="Darwin"

[github-actions]

We found the following entry in the FAQ which you may find helpful:

• Why does content in square brackets disappear?

Feel free to close this issue if you found an answer in the FAQ. Otherwise, please give us a little time to review.

Rich was created by Will McGugan. Consider sponsoring Will's work on Rich.

This is an automated reply, generated by FAQtory

[bretello]

I'm also seeing this issue, here's a minimal reproducer:

MARKDOWN = """
# This is an h1
Rich can do a pretty *decent* job of rendering markdown.

1. This is a list item
2. This is another list item

```python
print("This code block has an extra empty line above and below")
```

The python code example is above ^
"""
from rich.console import Console
from rich.markdown import Markdown

console = Console(record=True)
md = Markdown(MARKDOWN)
console.print(md)

console.save_svg("markdown_extra_space_repro.svg")

As you can see from the rendered image, there's extra empty lines in the rendered markdown

[TomJGooding]

@bretello That's padding added intentionally to the code blocks, so a little different to the issue described above.

rich/rich/markdown.py

Lines 181 to 184 in 1080fb7

	syntax = Syntax(
	code, self.lexer_name, theme=self.theme, word_wrap=True, padding=1
	)
	yield syntax

If you don't like the padding, you should be able to customise the Markdown by sub-classing it - see #3723 (comment)