adds topological sort

Author: niranjan92

sorts/TopologicalSort.go

@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+)
+
+type Dependency struct {
+	nodeId   int
+	children []int
+}
+
+// converts dependencies to edges
+func dependenciesToEdges(dependencies []Dependency) []Edge {
+	edges := []Edge{}
+	for _, node := range dependencies {
+		for _, child := range node.children {
+			edges = append(edges, Edge{start: node.nodeId, end: child})
+		}
+	}
+	return edges
+}
+
+type Edge struct {
+	start int // start and end are node ids
+	end   int
+}
+
+type Node struct {
+	id       int
+	children []int
+	selected bool
+	incoming int
+}
+
+// takes a list of edges as input with start and end node_ids
+// useful for cases like task ordering
+func topologicalSort(input []Edge) ([]int, [][]int) {
+
+	// generate a mapping for node_id and number of incoming edges
+	incoming := make(map[int]int)
+	for _, edge := range input {
+		if _, ok := incoming[edge.start]; !ok {
+			incoming[edge.start] = 0
+		}
+		incoming[edge.end] += 1
+	}
+
+	nodes := make([]*Node, 0)
+	for k, v := range incoming {
+		chdn := []int{}
+		for _, edge := range input {
+			if edge.start == k {
+				chdn = append(chdn, edge.end)
+			}
+		}
+		nodes = append(nodes, &Node{id: k, children: chdn, selected: false, incoming: v})
+	}
+
+	res := []int{}
+	var levels [][]int
+	for len(res) < len(nodes) {
+		level := []int{}
+		queue := []int{}
+		for idx, node := range nodes {
+			// select a node with no incoming dependency
+			if !node.selected && node.incoming == 0 {
+				queue = append(queue, idx)
+				nodes[idx].selected = true
+			}
+		}
+		for _, idx := range queue {
+			node := nodes[idx]
+			level = append(level, node.id)
+			// decrement incoming values for all children
+			for _, childId := range node.children {
+				for _, child := range nodes {
+					if !child.selected && child.id == childId {
+						child.incoming--
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		res = append(res, level...)
+		levels = append(levels, level)
+	}
+	return res, levels
+}
+
+func main() {
+	var edges []Edge
+	edges = append(edges, Edge{1, 2})
+	edges = append(edges, Edge{2, 3})
+	edges = append(edges, Edge{4, 3})
+	edges = append(edges, Edge{4, 5})
+	edges = append(edges, Edge{3, 6})
+	edges = append(edges, Edge{5, 6})
+
+	order, levels := topologicalSort(edges)
+	fmt.Println("result: ", order)
+	fmt.Println("levels: ", levels)
+
+	// or you can specify dependencies
+	var deps []Dependency
+	deps = append(deps, Dependency{nodeId: 1, children: []int{2}})
+	deps = append(deps, Dependency{nodeId: 2, children: []int{3}})
+	deps = append(deps, Dependency{nodeId: 4, children: []int{3, 5}})
+	deps = append(deps, Dependency{nodeId: 5, children: []int{6}})
+	deps = append(deps, Dependency{nodeId: 3, children: []int{6}})
+
+	edges = dependenciesToEdges(deps)
+	order, levels = topologicalSort(edges)
+	fmt.Println("result: ", order)
+	fmt.Println("levels: ", levels)
+
+}