Added Documentation in MergeSortRecursive.java

Author: AdityaKeshari05

src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/sorts/MergeSortRecursive.java

@@ -3,56 +3,98 @@
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.List;
 
+/**
+ * Implementation of Merge Sort using recursion.
+ * This class sorts a list of integers by repeatedly dividing it
+ * into smaller sublist and merging them in sorted order.
+ */
 public class MergeSortRecursive {
 
+    // The original list to be sorted
     List<Integer> arr;
 
+    /**
+     * Constructor to initialize the list.
+     *
+     * @param arr the list of integers to be sorted
+     */
     public MergeSortRecursive(List<Integer> arr) {
         this.arr = arr;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Public method to start the merge sort process.
+     *
+     * @return a new sorted list
+     */
     public List<Integer> mergeSort() {
         return merge(arr);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Recursively divides the list into two halves
+     * until sublist of size 1 are obtained.
+     *
+     * @param arr the list to be divided
+     * @return a sorted list
+     */
     private static List<Integer> merge(List<Integer> arr) {
-        // base condition
+        // Base condition: a list with 0 or 1 element is already sorted
         if (arr.size() <= 1) {
             return arr;
         }
 
+
         int arrLength = arr.size();
         int half = arrLength / 2;
+
+        // Split the list into left and right halves
         List<Integer> arrA = arr.subList(0, half);
         List<Integer> arrB = arr.subList(half, arr.size());
 
-        // recursion
+        // Recursively sort both halves
         arrA = merge(arrA);
         arrB = merge(arrB);
 
+        // Merge the sorted halves
         return sort(arrA, arrB);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Merges two already sorted lists into a single sorted list.
+     *
+     * @param unsortedA first sorted list
+     * @param unsortedB second sorted list
+     * @return merged and sorted list
+     */
+
     private static List<Integer> sort(List<Integer> unsortedA, List<Integer> unsortedB) {
+        // If both lists are empty, return an empty list
         if (unsortedA.isEmpty() && unsortedB.isEmpty()) {
             return new ArrayList<>();
         }
+        // If one list is empty, return the other list
         if (unsortedA.isEmpty()) {
             return unsortedB;
         }
         if (unsortedB.isEmpty()) {
             return unsortedA;
         }
+
+        // Compare first elements of both lists and pick the smaller one
         if (unsortedA.get(0) <= unsortedB.get(0)) {
             List<Integer> newAl = new ArrayList<Integer>() {
                 { add(unsortedA.get(0)); }
             };
+            // Recursively merge the remaining elements
             newAl.addAll(sort(unsortedA.subList(1, unsortedA.size()), unsortedB));
             return newAl;
         } else {
+            // Create a new list and add the smaller element
             List<Integer> newAl = new ArrayList<Integer>() {
                 { add(unsortedB.get(0)); }
             };
+            // Recursively merge the remaining elements
             newAl.addAll(sort(unsortedA, unsortedB.subList(1, unsortedB.size())));
             return newAl;
         }