[FEAT] Add Newton's Law of Gravitation algorithm

Author: Priyanshu1303d

src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/physics/Gravitation.java

@@ -36,17 +36,17 @@ public static double[] calculateGravitationalForce(double m1, double x1, double
 
         // If bodies are at the same position, force is zero to avoid division by zero.
         if (distanceSq == 0) {
-            return new double[]{0, 0};
+            return new double[] {0, 0};
         }
 
         double distance = Math.sqrt(distanceSq);
-        double forceMagnitude = (GRAVITATIONAL_CONSTANT * m1 * m2) / distanceSq;
+        double forceMagnitude = GRAVITATIONAL_CONSTANT * m1 * m2 / distanceSq;
 
         // Calculate the components of the force vector
         double fx = forceMagnitude * (dx / distance);
         double fy = forceMagnitude * (dy / distance);
 
-        return new double[]{fx, fy};
+        return new double[] {fx, fy};
     }
 
     /**
@@ -61,6 +61,6 @@ public static double calculateCircularOrbitVelocity(double centralMass, double r
         if (centralMass <= 0 || radius <= 0) {
             throw new IllegalArgumentException("Mass and radius must be positive.");
         }
-        return Math.sqrt((GRAVITATIONAL_CONSTANT * centralMass) / radius);
+        return Math.sqrt(GRAVITATIONAL_CONSTANT * centralMass / radius);
     }
 }

src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/physics/GravitationTest.java

@@ -21,11 +21,11 @@ final class GravitationTest {
     void testSimpleForceCalculation() {
         // Force on body 2 should be F = G*1*1 / 1^2 = G, directed towards body 1 (negative x)
         double[] forceOnB = Gravitation.calculateGravitationalForce(1.0, 0, 0, 1.0, 1, 0);
-        assertArrayEquals(new double[]{-G, 0.0}, forceOnB, DELTA);
+        assertArrayEquals(new double[] {-G, 0.0}, forceOnB, DELTA);
 
         // Force on body 1 should be equal and opposite (positive x)
         double[] forceOnA = Gravitation.calculateGravitationalForce(1.0, 1, 0, 1.0, 0, 0);
-        assertArrayEquals(new double[]{G, 0.0}, forceOnA, DELTA);
+        assertArrayEquals(new double[] {G, 0.0}, forceOnA, DELTA);
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -34,20 +34,20 @@ void test2DForceCalculation() {
         // Body 1 at (0,0) with mass 2kg
         // Body 2 at (3,4) with mass 1kg
         // Distance is sqrt(3^2 + 4^2) = 5 meters
-        double magnitude = (2.0 * G) / 25.0; // G * 2 * 1 / 5^2
+        double magnitude = 2.0 * G / 25.0; // G * 2 * 1 / 5^2
         // Unit vector from 2 to 1 is (-3/5, -4/5)
-        double expectedFx = magnitude * (-3.0 / 5.0); // -6G / 125
-        double expectedFy = magnitude * (-4.0 / 5.0); // -8G / 125
+        double expectedFx = magnitude * -3.0 / 5.0; // -6G / 125
+        double expectedFy = magnitude * -4.0 / 5.0; // -8G / 125
 
         double[] forceOnB = Gravitation.calculateGravitationalForce(2.0, 0, 0, 1.0, 3, 4);
-        assertArrayEquals(new double[]{expectedFx, expectedFy}, forceOnB, DELTA);
+        assertArrayEquals(new double[] {expectedFx, expectedFy}, forceOnB, DELTA);
     }
 
     @Test
     @DisplayName("Test overlapping bodies should result in zero force")
     void testOverlappingBodies() {
         double[] force = Gravitation.calculateGravitationalForce(1000.0, 1.5, -2.5, 500.0, 1.5, -2.5);
-        assertArrayEquals(new double[]{0.0, 0.0}, force, DELTA);
+        assertArrayEquals(new double[] {0.0, 0.0}, force, DELTA);
     }
 
     @Test