Merge branch 'master' into optimise

Author: 30November

.devcontainer/Dockerfile

@@ -3,6 +3,5 @@ ARG VARIANT=3.13-bookworm
 FROM mcr.microsoft.com/vscode/devcontainers/python:${VARIANT}
 COPY requirements.txt /tmp/pip-tmp/
 RUN python3 -m pip install --upgrade pip \
-  && python3 -m pip install --no-cache-dir install -r /tmp/pip-tmp/requirements.txt \
-  && pipx install pre-commit ruff \
-  && pre-commit install
+  && python3 -m pip install --no-cache-dir -r /tmp/pip-tmp/requirements.txt \
+  && pipx install pre-commit ruff

.devcontainer/README.md

@@ -1 +1,42 @@
-https://code.visualstudio.com/docs/devcontainers/tutorial
+# Development Container
+
+This is **Devcontainer** configuration to provide a consistent development environment for all contributors.
+
+## Features
+
+- [x] Pre-configured **Python environment**
+- [x] Automatic installation of **pre-commit hooks**
+- [x] **Ruff** linter ready to check your code
+- [x] **Oh My Zsh** with plugins:
+- `zsh-autosuggestions`
+- `zsh-syntax-highlighting`
+
+## Usage
+
+1. Install [**Docker** ](https://www.docker.com/get-started/) and [**Visual Studio Code**](https://code.visualstudio.com/)
+2. Install the **Remote - Containers** extension in VS Code
+
+    - Do `CTRL+P`, paste this command and press `Enter`
+
+        ```shell
+        ext install ms-vscode-remote.remote-containers
+        ```
+3. Open this repository in VS Code
+4. When prompted, click **"Reopen in Container"**
+5. Wait for the environment to build and initialize
+
+After setup:
+
+- `pre-commit` hooks are installed
+- `ruff` and other tools are available
+- The shell uses Zsh by default
+
+## Tips
+
+To manually run checks on all files:
+
+```bash
+pre-commit run --all-files
+```
+
+> For further information here's [Microsoft tutorial about devcontainers.](https://code.visualstudio.com/docs/devcontainers/tutorial)

.devcontainer/devcontainer.json

@@ -7,10 +7,12 @@
 			// Update 'VARIANT' to pick a Python version: 3, 3.11, 3.10, 3.9, 3.8
 			// Append -bullseye or -buster to pin to an OS version.
 			// Use -bullseye variants on local on arm64/Apple Silicon.
-			"VARIANT": "3.13-bookworm",
+			"VARIANT": "3.13-bookworm"
 		}
 	},
 
+	"postCreateCommand": "zsh .devcontainer/post_install",
+
 	// Configure tool-specific properties.
 	"customizations": {
 		// Configure properties specific to VS Code.
@@ -20,7 +22,8 @@
 				"python.defaultInterpreterPath": "/usr/local/bin/python",
 				"python.linting.enabled": true,
 				"python.formatting.blackPath": "/usr/local/py-utils/bin/black",
-				"python.linting.mypyPath": "/usr/local/py-utils/bin/mypy"
+				"python.linting.mypyPath": "/usr/local/py-utils/bin/mypy",
+				"terminal.integrated.defaultProfile.linux": "zsh"
 			},
 
 			// Add the IDs of extensions you want installed when the container is created.

.devcontainer/post_install

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+
+echo "Begin post-installation steps..."
+
+set -e
+
+echo "Installing pre-commit hooks..."
+pre-commit install
+
+echo "Installing Oh My Zsh plugins..."
+
+# Install zsh-autosuggestions if not present
+if [ ! -d "${ZSH_CUSTOM:-$HOME/.oh-my-zsh/custom}/plugins/zsh-autosuggestions" ]; then
+  echo "Cloning zsh-autosuggestions..."
+  git clone https://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-autosuggestions \
+    "${ZSH_CUSTOM:-$HOME/.oh-my-zsh/custom}/plugins/zsh-autosuggestions"
+fi
+
+# Install zsh-syntax-highlighting if not present
+if [ ! -d "${ZSH_CUSTOM:-$HOME/.oh-my-zsh/custom}/plugins/zsh-syntax-highlighting" ]; then
+  echo "Cloning zsh-syntax-highlighting..."
+  git clone https://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-syntax-highlighting.git \
+    "${ZSH_CUSTOM:-$HOME/.oh-my-zsh/custom}/plugins/zsh-syntax-highlighting"
+fi
+
+echo "Configuring plugins in ~/.zshrc..."
+sed -i '/^plugins=/c\plugins=(git zsh-autosuggestions zsh-syntax-highlighting)' ~/.zshrc
+
+echo "Post-installation steps completed successfully. Enjoy!"

.github/workflows/devcontainer_ci.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+name: Test DevContainer Build
+
+on:
+  push:
+    paths:
+      - ".devcontainer/**"
+  pull_request:
+    paths:
+      - ".devcontainer/**"
+
+jobs:
+  build:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: devcontainers/[email protected]
+        with:
+          push: never
+          runCmd: "true"

.pre-commit-config.yaml

@@ -16,9 +16,9 @@ repos:
       - id: auto-walrus
 
   - repo: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit
-    rev: v0.11.11
+    rev: v0.12.3
     hooks:
-      - id: ruff
+      - id: ruff-check
       - id: ruff-format
 
   - repo: https://github.com/codespell-project/codespell
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ repos:
           - tomli
 
   - repo: https://github.com/tox-dev/pyproject-fmt
-    rev: "v2.6.0"
+    rev: v2.6.0
     hooks:
       - id: pyproject-fmt
 
@@ -53,12 +53,11 @@ repos:
         args:
           - --explicit-package-bases
           - --ignore-missing-imports
-          - --install-types # See mirrors-mypy README.md
+          - --install-types
           - --non-interactive
-        additional_dependencies: [types-requests]
 
   - repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/mirrors-prettier
-    rev: "v4.0.0-alpha.8"
+    rev: v4.0.0-alpha.8
     hooks:
       - id: prettier
         types_or: [toml, yaml]

DIRECTORY.md

@@ -443,6 +443,7 @@
   * [Present Value](financial/present_value.py)
   * [Price Plus Tax](financial/price_plus_tax.py)
   * [Simple Moving Average](financial/simple_moving_average.py)
+  * [Straight Line Depreciation](financial/straight_line_depreciation.py)
   * [Time And Half Pay](financial/time_and_half_pay.py)
 
 ## Fractals
@@ -790,6 +791,7 @@
   * [Sumset](maths/sumset.py)
   * [Sylvester Sequence](maths/sylvester_sequence.py)
   * [Tanh](maths/tanh.py)
+  * [Test Factorial](maths/test_factorial.py)
   * [Test Prime Check](maths/test_prime_check.py)
   * [Three Sum](maths/three_sum.py)
   * [Trapezoidal Rule](maths/trapezoidal_rule.py)

ciphers/hill_cipher.py

@@ -78,8 +78,10 @@ def replace_digits(self, num: int) -> str:
         'T'
         >>> hill_cipher.replace_digits(26)
         '0'
+        >>> hill_cipher.replace_digits(26.1)
+        '0'
         """
-        return self.key_string[round(num)]
+        return self.key_string[int(num)]
 
     def check_determinant(self) -> None:
         """

data_structures/binary_tree/non_recursive_segment_tree.py

@@ -39,12 +39,12 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from collections.abc import Callable
-from typing import Any, Generic, TypeVar
+from typing import Any, TypeVar
 
 T = TypeVar("T")
 
 
-class SegmentTree(Generic[T]):
+class SegmentTree[T]:
     def __init__(self, arr: list[T], fnc: Callable[[T, T], T]) -> None:
         """
         Segment Tree constructor, it works just with commutative combiner.

data_structures/hashing/hash_map.py

@@ -10,14 +10,14 @@
 
 from collections.abc import Iterator, MutableMapping
 from dataclasses import dataclass
-from typing import Generic, TypeVar
+from typing import TypeVar
 
 KEY = TypeVar("KEY")
 VAL = TypeVar("VAL")
 
 
 @dataclass(slots=True)
-class _Item(Generic[KEY, VAL]):
+class _Item[KEY, VAL]:
     key: KEY
     val: VAL