diff --git a/backtracking/m_coloring_problem.py b/backtracking/m_coloring_problem.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..ff39f9002f0f --- /dev/null +++ b/backtracking/m_coloring_problem.py @@ -0,0 +1,60 @@ +def is_safe(node: int, color: int, graph: list[list[int]], num_vertices: int, + col: list[int]) -> bool: + """ + Check if it is safe to assign a color to a node. + + >>> is_safe(0, 1, [[0,1],[1,0]], 2, [0,1]) + False + >>> is_safe(0, 2, [[0,1],[1,0]], 2, [0,1]) + True + """ + return all(not (graph[node][k] == 1 and col[k] == color) + for k in range(num_vertices)) + + +def solve(node: int, col: list[int], max_colors: int, num_vertices: int, + graph: list[list[int]]) -> bool: + """ + Recursively try to color the graph using at most max_colors. + + >>> solve(0, [0]*3, 3, 3, [[0,1,0],[1,0,1],[0,1,0]]) + True + >>> solve(0, [0]*3, 2, 3, [[0,1,0],[1,0,1],[0,1,0]]) + False + """ + if node == num_vertices: + return True + for c in range(1, max_colors + 1): + if is_safe(node, c, graph, num_vertices, col): + col[node] = c + if solve(node + 1, col, max_colors, num_vertices, graph): + return True + col[node] = 0 + return False + + +def graph_coloring(graph: list[list[int]], max_colors: int, + num_vertices: int) -> bool: + """ + Determine if the graph can be colored with at most max_colors. + + >>> graph_coloring([[0,1,1],[1,0,1],[1,1,0]], 3, 3) + True + >>> graph_coloring([[0,1,1],[1,0,1],[1,1,0]], 2, 3) + False + """ + col = [0] * num_vertices + return solve(0, col, max_colors, num_vertices, graph) + + +if __name__ == "__main__": + num_vertices = int(input()) + num_edges = int(input()) + graph = [[0]*num_vertices for _ in range(num_vertices)] + for _ in range(num_edges): + u, v = map(int, input().split()) + graph[u][v] = 1 + graph[v][u] = 1 + max_colors = int(input()) + col = [0]*num_vertices + print(solve(0, col, max_colors, num_vertices, graph))