Ch3: wrangling (#76)

* wip on ch3

* working on wrangling chapter

* move chaining content to the intro

* update content on summary statistics

* update the disucssion on apply

* remove the discussion on What is a List

* move the assign content to the very end

* minor wordsmithing on welcome page

* edited learning objs in ch1 for new chaining

* update discussion on chaining, edits from Trevor

* update discussion of split

* remove unnecessary call to File: dir	Node: Top	This is the top of the INFO tree
  This (the Directory node) gives a menu of major topics.
  Typing "d" returns here, "q" exits, "?" lists all INFO commands, "h"
  gives a primer for first-timers, "mEmacs<Return>" visits the Emacs topic,
  etc.
  In Emacs, you can click mouse button 2 on a menu item or cross reference
  to select it.
  --- PLEASE ADD DOCUMENTATION TO THIS TREE. (See INFO topic first.) ---

* Menu: The list of major topics begins on the next line.

Emacs
* Ada mode: (ada-mode). The GNU Emacs mode for editing Ada.
* Autotype: (autotype). Convenient features for text that you enter frequently
                          in Emacs.
* CC Mode: (ccmode).   Emacs mode for editing C, C++, Objective-C,
                          Java, Pike, and IDL code.
* CL: (cl).		Partial Common Lisp support for Emacs Lisp.
* Dired-X: (dired-x).   Dired Extra Features.
* EUDC: (eudc).   A client for directory servers (LDAP, PH)
* Ebrowse: (ebrowse).   A C++ class browser for Emacs.
* Ediff: (ediff).       A visual interface for comparing and merging programs.
* Emacs: (emacs).	The extensible self-documenting text editor.
* Emacs FAQ: (efaq).	Frequently Asked Questions about Emacs.
* Emacs MIME: (emacs-mime).   The MIME de/composition library.
* Eshell: (eshell).     A command shell implemented in Emacs Lisp.
* Forms: (forms).	Emacs package for editing data bases
			  by filling in forms.
* Gnus: (gnus).         The newsreader Gnus.
* IDLWAVE: (idlwave).	Major mode and shell for IDL and WAVE/CL files.

* MH-E: (mh-e).		Emacs interface to the MH mail system.
* Message: (message).   Mail and news composition mode that goes with Gnus.
* PCL-CVS: (pcl-cvs).	Emacs front-end to CVS.
* RefTeX: (reftex).	Emacs support for LaTeX cross-references and citations.
* SC: (sc).		Supercite lets you cite parts of messages you're
			  replying to, in flexible ways.

* Speedbar: (speedbar).        File/Tag summarizing utility.
* VIP: (vip).		An older VI-emulation for Emacs.
* VIPER: (viper).       The newest Emacs VI-emulation mode.
                          (also, A VI Plan for Emacs Rescue
                           or the VI PERil.)
* Widget: (widget).      Documenting the "widget" package used by the
                           Emacs Custom facility.
* WoMan: (woman).       Browse UN*X Manual Pages `Wo (without) Man'.

Texinfo documentation system
* Info: (info).                 Documentation browsing system.

Miscellaneous
* Screen: (screen).             Full-screen window manager.
* Standards: (standards).        GNU coding standards.

GNU admin
* Autoconf: (autoconf).         Create source code configuration scripts

Individual utilities
* aclocal: (automake)Invoking aclocal.          Generating aclocal.m4
* autoconf: (autoconf)autoconf Invocation.
                                How to create configuration scripts
* autoreconf: (autoconf)autoreconf Invocation.
                                Remaking multiple `configure' scripts
* autoscan: (autoconf)autoscan Invocation.
                                Semi-automatic `configure.ac' writing
* config.status: (autoconf)config.status Invocation.
                                Recreating a configuration
* configure: (autoconf)configure Invocation.
                                Configuring a package
* ifnames: (autoconf)ifnames Invocation.
                                Listing the conditionals in source code

GNU programming tools
* automake: (automake).		Making Makefile.in's

Utilities
* Bash: (bash).                     The GNU Bourne-Again SHell.

GNU Packages
* Tar: (tar).			Making tape (or disk) archives.

Individual utilities
* tar: (tar)tar invocation.                     Invoking GNU `tar'

Software development
* Cpp: (cpp).		       The GNU C preprocessor.
* Cpplib: (cppinternals).      Cpplib internals.
* gcc: (gcc).                  The GNU Compiler Collection.
* gccinstall: (gccinstall).    Installing the GNU Compiler Collection.
* gccint: (gccint).            Internals of the GNU Compiler Collection.
* gfortran: (gfortran).                  The GNU Fortran Compiler.

GNU Libraries
* libgomp: (libgomp).                    GNU OpenMP runtime library

Programming & development tools
* gdbm_dump: gdbm_dump(gdbm).   Dump the GDBM database into a flat file.
* gdbm_load: gdbm_load(gdbm).   Load the database from a flat file.

Utilities

GNU libraries
* gmp: (gmp).                   GNU Multiple Precision Arithmetic Library.

Software libraries
* GnuTLS: (gnutls).		GNU Transport Layer Security Library.
* GnuTLS-Guile: (gnutls-guile).		GNU Transport Layer Security Library. Guile bindings.
* libidn2: (libidn2).	Internationalized domain names (IDNA2008/TR46) processing.
* libtasn1: (libtasn1). Library for Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1).
* mpfr: (mpfr).                 Multiple Precision Floating-Point Reliable Library.

GNU Packages
* mpc: (mpc)Multiple Precision Complex Library.

Development
* fftw3: (fftw3).	FFTW User's Manual.

Individual utilities
* aclocal-invocation: (automake)aclocal Invocation.   Generating aclocal.m4.
* autoconf-invocation: (autoconf)autoconf Invocation.
                                How to create configuration scripts
* autoheader: (autoconf)autoheader Invocation.
                                How to create configuration templates
* autom4te: (autoconf)autom4te Invocation.
                                The Autoconf executables backbone
* automake-invocation: (automake)automake Invocation. Generating Makefile.in.
* autoreconf: (autoconf)autoreconf Invocation.
                                Remaking multiple ‘configure’ scripts
* autoscan: (autoconf)autoscan Invocation.
                                Semi-automatic ‘configure.ac’ writing
* autoupdate: (autoconf)autoupdate Invocation.
                                Automatic update of ‘configure.ac’
* config.status: (autoconf)config.status Invocation. Recreating configurations.
* configure: (autoconf)configure Invocation.    Configuring a package.
* ifnames: (autoconf)ifnames Invocation.        Listing conditionals in source.
* libtool-invocation: (libtool)Invoking libtool. Running the 'libtool' script.
* libtoolize: (libtool)Invoking libtoolize.      Adding libtool support.
* testsuite: (autoconf)testsuite Invocation.    Running an Autotest test suite.

Software development
* Autoconf: (autoconf).         Create source code configuration scripts.
* Automake: (automake).         Making GNU standards-compliant Makefiles.
* Automake-history: (automake-history). History of Automake development.
* GNU libtextstyle: (libtextstyle).     Output of styled text.
* GNU libunistring: (libunistring).     Unicode string library.
* Libtool: (libtool).           Generic shared library support script.

Localization
* idn2: (libidn2)Invoking idn2.	Internationalized Domain Name (IDNA2008/TR46) conversion.

Encryption
* Nettle: (nettle).             A low-level cryptographic library.

System Administration
* certtool: (gnutls)certtool Invocation.	Manipulate certificates and keys.
* gnutls-cli: (gnutls)gnutls-cli Invocation.	GnuTLS test client.
* gnutls-cli-debug: (gnutls)gnutls-cli-debug Invocation.	GnuTLS debug client.
* gnutls-serv: (gnutls)gnutls-serv Invocation.	GnuTLS test server.
* psktool: (gnutls)psktool Invocation.	Simple TLS-Pre-Shared-Keys manager.
* srptool: (gnutls)srptool Invocation.	Simple SRP password tool.

Libraries
* libgpg-error: (gnupg).   Error codes and common code for GnuPG.

GNU Libraries
* libgcrypt: (gcrypt).  Cryptographic function library.

C++ libraries
* autosprintf: (autosprintf).   Support for printf format strings in C++.

GNU Gettext Utilities
* ISO3166: (gettext)Country Codes.             ISO 3166 country codes.
* ISO639: (gettext)Language Codes.             ISO 639 language codes.
* autopoint: (gettext)autopoint Invocation.    Copy gettext infrastructure.
* envsubst: (gettext)envsubst Invocation.      Expand environment variables.
* gettext: (gettext).                          GNU gettext utilities.
* gettextize: (gettext)gettextize Invocation.  Prepare a package for gettext.
* msgattrib: (gettext)msgattrib Invocation.    Select part of a PO file.
* msgcat: (gettext)msgcat Invocation.          Combine several PO files.
* msgcmp: (gettext)msgcmp Invocation.          Compare a PO file and template.
* msgcomm: (gettext)msgcomm Invocation.        Match two PO files.
* msgconv: (gettext)msgconv Invocation.        Convert PO file to encoding.
* msgen: (gettext)msgen Invocation.            Create an English PO file.
* msgexec: (gettext)msgexec Invocation.        Process a PO file.
* msgfilter: (gettext)msgfilter Invocation.    Pipe a PO file through a filter.
* msgfmt: (gettext)msgfmt Invocation.          Make MO files out of PO files.
* msggrep: (gettext)msggrep Invocation.        Select part of a PO file.
* msginit: (gettext)msginit Invocation.        Create a fresh PO file.
* msgmerge: (gettext)msgmerge Invocation.      Update a PO file from template.
* msgunfmt: (gettext)msgunfmt Invocation.      Uncompile MO file into PO file.
* msguniq: (gettext)msguniq Invocation.        Unify duplicates for PO file.
* ngettext: (gettext)ngettext Invocation.      Translate a message with plural.
* xgettext: (gettext)xgettext Invocation.      Extract strings into a PO file.

The Algorithmic Language Scheme
* Guile Reference: (guile).     The Guile reference manual.
* R5RS: (r5rs).                 The Revised(5) Report on Scheme.

* take care of colons preceding code blocks

* take care of chapter references

* add discussion of lists and dicts

* add table and discussion on basic data structures in python:

* add description of info

* some general cleanup in apply, assign

* typo fix in the intro

* a couple of type fixes:

* polish chaining/multiline exps

* polish ch3 up to and incl tidy data

* polish indexing

* more polish ch3

* fix python exercises link

* more on groupby

* improve groupy and discussion of lambda functions

* try re-ordering the assign and apply content

* global find replace to remove . in naming conventions

* caption on fig24 fixed

* polish up to apply

* cleanup through Using  to create new columns

* through the summery

* add :tags: [output_scroll] for large code outputs, change figure types

* trim vertical whitespace on figures:

* Update source/wrangling.md

Co-authored-by: Joel Ostblom <[email protected]>

* Apply suggestions from code review

Co-authored-by: Joel Ostblom <[email protected]>

* polishing ch3

* final polish on wrangling

* final polish on ch3 joel comments

Co-authored-by: Trevor Campbell <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Joel Ostblom <[email protected]>

Author: 3 people