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## Source Data Product Citation
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Center For International Earth Science Information Network-CIESIN-Columbia University. (2018). Gridded Population of the World, Version 4 (GPWv4): Population Density, Revision 11 [dataset], Palisades, NY: Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC). Accessed: [Data Access Date], [https://doi.org/10.7927/H49C6VHW](https://doi.org/10.7927/H49C6VHW)
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Center For International Earth Science Information Network-CIESIN-Columbia University. (2017). Gridded Population of the World, Version 4 (GPWv4): Population Density, Revision 11 (Version 4.11)[Data set], Palisades, NY: Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC). [https://doi.org/10.7927/H49C6VHW](https://doi.org/10.7927/H49C6VHW) Date Accessed: [Access date]
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## Dataset Accuracy
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The SEDAC Gridded Population of the World: Population Density, v4.11 dataset, as with other population products, is limited by the availability and quality of census data. For example, the census data from 2010 were not available for some countries and therefore older census data had to be used. Additionally, there may be small underestimates in the gridded population for some areas due to the decision to exclude geographically undefined populations such as the homeless or those with boat homes. More information on the data quality indicators included with the source dataset are available in the [GPWv4 Revision 11 documentation](https://sedac.ciesin.columbia.edu/binaries/web/sedac/collections/gpw-v4/gpw-v4-documentation-rev11.pdf).
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The SEDAC Gridded Population of the World: Population Density, v4.11 dataset, as with other population products, is limited by the availability and quality of census data. For example, the census data from 2010 were not available for some countries and therefore older census data had to be used. Additionally, there may be small underestimates in the gridded population for some areas due to the decision to exclude geographically undefined populations such as the homeless or those with boat homes. More information on the data quality indicators included with the source dataset are available in the [GPWv4 Revision 11 documentation](https://www.earthdata.nasa.gov/data/catalog/sedac-ciesin-sedac-gpwv4-popdens-r11-4.11#documents-and-resources).
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## Disclaimer
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This dataset has been transformed from its original format (GeoTIFF) into Cloud Optimized GeoTIFF ([COG](https://www.cogeo.org/)) for display in the US GHG Center. Careful quality checks are used to ensure data transformation has been performed correctly.
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Note that the gridded population densities included in this dataset are also available at four lower spatial resolutions: 2.4 arc-minute, 15 arc-minute, 30 arc-minute, and 1 degree. This lower spatial resolution data is not provided in the US GHG Center but is available from [SEDAC](https://sedac.ciesin.columbia.edu/data/set/gpw-v4-population-density-rev11/data-download). The full title of the source dataset, Gridded Population of the World, Version 4 (GPWv4): Population Density, Revision 11, has been shortened for display on the US GHG Center website. The short name of the source dataset is [CIESIN_SEDAC_GPWv4_POPDENS_R11](https://doi.org/10.7927/H49C6VHW), but it is referred to as sedac-popdensity-yeargrid5yr-v4.11 in the Center.
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Note that the gridded population densities included in this dataset are also available at four lower spatial resolutions: 2.4 arc-minute, 15 arc-minute, 30 arc-minute, and 1 degree. This lower spatial resolution data is not provided in the US GHG Center but is available in [Earthdata Search](https://doi.org/10.7927/H49C6VHW). The full title of the source dataset, Gridded Population of the World, Version 4 (GPWv4): Population Density, Revision 11, has been shortened for display on the US GHG Center website. The short name of the source dataset is [CIESIN_SEDAC_GPWv4_POPDENS_R11](https://doi.org/10.7927/H49C6VHW), but it is referred to as sedac-popdensity-yeargrid5yr-v4.11 in the Center.
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## Scientific Details
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Population estimates are distributed to a 30 arc-second (~1km) grid using an areal-weighting method. The input geographic boundaries were obtained from multiple sources including national statistical offices, national mapping agencies, and the Global Administrative Areas, version 2.0 (GADMv2) dataset. A water mask was also applied to ensure that areas of water and permanent ice were not included in distributed population counts. The annual exponential growth rates applied to determine population estimates in the target years (2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020) were defined using the population count from the previous census, the population count from the current census, and the number of years between the two records. Methodology details are available in the [GPWv4 Revision 11 documentation](https://sedac.ciesin.columbia.edu/binaries/web/sedac/collections/gpw-v4/gpw-v4-documentation-rev11.pdf). Additional FAQs about the data can be found on the [SEDAC User Feedback site](https://sedac.uservoice.com/knowledgebase/topics/110829-gpwv4).
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Population estimates are distributed to a 30 arc-second (~1km) grid using an areal-weighting method. The input geographic boundaries were obtained from multiple sources including national statistical offices, national mapping agencies, and the Global Administrative Areas, version 2.0 (GADMv2) dataset. A water mask was also applied to ensure that areas of water and permanent ice were not included in distributed population counts. The annual exponential growth rates applied to determine population estimates in the target years (2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020) were defined using the population count from the previous census, the population count from the current census, and the number of years between the two records. Methodology details are available in the [GPWv4 Revision 11 documentation](https://www.earthdata.nasa.gov/data/catalog/sedac-ciesin-sedac-gpwv4-popdens-r11-4.11#documents-and-resources).
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## Key Publications
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Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN), Columbia University. (2018). *Documentation for the gridded population of the world, version 4 (GPWv4), revision 11 data sets*. NASA Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC). [https://doi.org/10.7927/H45Q4T5F](https://doi.org/10.7927/H45Q4T5F)
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Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN), Columbia University. (2018). *Documentation for the gridded population of the world, version 4 (GPWv4), revision 11 data sets*. NASA Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC). [https://doi.org/10.7927/H49C6VHW](https://doi.org/10.7927/H49C6VHW)
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Doxsey-Whitfield, E., MacManus, K., Adamo, S. B., Pistolesi, L., Squires, J., Borkovska, O., & Baptista, S. R. (2015). Taking advantage of the improved availability of census data: A first look at the gridded population of the world, version 4. *Papers in Applied Geography, 1*(3), 226-234. [https://doi.org/10.1080/23754931.2015.1014272](https://doi.org/10.1080/23754931.2015.1014272)
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## Other Relevant Publications
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Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN), Columbia University. (2018). Gridded population of the world, version 4 (GPWv4): Country-level information and sources for revision 11 data sets [Microsoft Excel spreadsheet]. SEDAC. [https://sedac.ciesin.columbia.edu/binaries/web/sedac/collections/gpw-v4/gpw-v4-country-level-summary-rev11.xlsx](https://sedac.ciesin.columbia.edu/binaries/web/sedac/collections/gpw-v4/gpw-v4-country-level-summary-rev11.xlsx)
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Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN), Columbia University. (2018). Gridded population of the world, version 4 (GPWv4): Log of changes to the data sets by version [text file]. SEDAC. [https://sedac.ciesin.columbia.edu/binaries/web/sedac/collections/gpw-v4/gpw-v4-change-log-rev11.txt](https://sedac.ciesin.columbia.edu/binaries/web/sedac/collections/gpw-v4/gpw-v4-change-log-rev11.txt)
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## Learn More
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- Learn about the [latest release of the Gridded Population of the World (GPW)](https://www.earthdata.nasa.gov/news/new-gpw-release) data collection
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- Learn about the role of socioeconomic data in [NASA’s Greenhouse Gases Data Pathfinder](https://www.earthdata.nasa.gov/learn/pathfinders/greenhouse-gases-data-pathfinder/find-data#socioeconomic)
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- Learn about the [latest release of the Gridded Population of the World (GPW)](https://www.earthdata.nasa.gov/news/new-gpw-release) data collection.
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## Acknowledgment
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This dataset was produced by CIESIN at Columbia University with primary support from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration for the Socioeconomic Data and Applications Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC) for the Earth Observing System Data and Information System (EOSDIS). Many national statistics offices, mapping agencies, and other international organizations provided data and support for the production of this dataset.
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