diff --git a/feynsum-sml/src/common/GateSchedulerSampling.sml b/feynsum-sml/src/common/GateSchedulerSampling.sml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..65f515d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/feynsum-sml/src/common/GateSchedulerSampling.sml
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+functor GateSchedulerSampling
+  (val maxBranchingStride: int val disableFusion: bool):
+sig
+  type sched
+  type t = sched
+
+  type qubit_idx = int
+  type gate_idx = int
+
+  val new: GateScheduler.args -> sched
+
+  val scheduler: GateScheduler.t
+end =
+struct
+
+  type qubit_idx = int
+  type gate_idx = int
+
+  datatype sched =
+    S of
+    { numQubits: int
+      , numGates: int
+      , gateTouches: gate_idx -> qubit_idx Seq.t
+      , gateIsBranching: gate_idx -> bool
+      (* each qubit keeps track of which gate is next *)
+      , frontier: gate_idx array
+      , state: ExpandState.state
+    }
+
+
+  type t = sched
+
+  structure Expander =
+    ExpandState
+    (structure B = B
+      structure C = C
+      structure SST = SST
+      structure DS = DS
+      structure G = G
+      val denseThreshold = denseThreshold
+      val blockSize = blockSize
+      val maxload = maxload
+      val pullThreshold = pullThreshold)
+
+  fun new {numQubits, numGates, gateTouches, gateIsBranching} =
+      S { numQubits = numQubits
+        , numGates = numGates
+        , gateTouches = gateTouches
+        , gateIsBranching = gateIsBranching
+        , frontier = SeqBasis.tabulate 100 (0, numQubits) (fn i =>
+            nextTouch {numGates = numGates, gateTouches = gateTouches} i 0)
+        , state = Expander.Sparse
+        (SST.singleton {numQubits = numQubits} (B.zeros, C.defaultReal 1.0))
+      }
+
+  fun okayToVisit
+    (S {numQubits, numGates, gateTouches, gateIsBranching, frontier}) gidx =
+      if gidx >= numGates then
+        false
+      else
+        let
+          val touches = gateTouches gidx
+        in
+          Util.all (0, Seq.length touches) (fn i =>
+              Array.sub (frontier, Seq.nth touches i) = gidx)
+        end
+
+  fun readyGates
+    (sched as S {numQubits, numGates, gateTouches, gateIsBranching, frontier}) =
+      SeqBasis.filter (okayToVisit sched)
+      (SeqBasis.tabulate 100 (0, numGates) (fn i => i))
+
+  fun sample (S {numQubits, state})  gidx = 
+      let 
+        val gate = Array.sub (gates, gidx)
+        val maxNumStates = IntInf.pow (2, numQubits)
+        (* sample here *)
+        val ({numNonzeros}) = 
+          Expander.expand
+          { gates = Seq.singleton gate
+            , numQubits = numQubits
+            , maxNumStates = maxNumStates
+            , state = state
+            , prevNonZeroSize = prevNonZeroSize
+          } in
+        numNonZeros
+      end
+
+  fun pickNext sched =
+      let
+        val readyGates = readyGates sched
+      in
+        if Seq.length readyGates = 0 then
+          NONE
+        else
+          let
+            val gidxesWithSample =
+              Seq.map (fn gidx => (gidx, sample sched gidx)) readyGates
+            val (gidx, numNonzeros) =
+              Seq.reduce (fn (a, b) => if snd a < snd b then a else b)
+              gidxesWithSample
+          in
+            SOME gidx
+          end
+      end
+  
+  fun updateState sched state = 
+      raise Fail "TODO"
+
+  (*
+      1. for each ready gate, sample them
+      2. take minimum
+      3. pick the gate
+      *)
+  (*
+      TODO: 
+      1. add a max depth parameter
+      *)
+
+
+  fun scheduler args =
+      let val sched = new args
+      in fn () => pickNext sched
+      end
+
+end