I think you can simplify the code a little by always working with JavaScript Array() and only convert to Uint8Array when sending to the device, eg remove new Uint8Array here and then things like Array.concat() are available
const DISCONNECT = new Uint8Array([0x54]);
const GET_INFO = new Uint8Array([0x55]);
const GET_STATUS = new Uint8Array([0x10]);
const GET_SENSOR_IDS = new Uint8Array([0x51]);
const GET_SENSOR_INFO = new Uint8Array([0x50, 0x00]);
const GET_DEFAULT_SENSORS_MASK = new Uint8Array([0x56]);
``