rqrr can decode QR codes if the background is lighter than the foreground:
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However, if the background is darker than the foreground, QR codes cannot be decoded:
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The results of decoding these QR codes are expected to be "QR code".
The second QR code is invalid as ISO/IEC 18004, but seems to be valid as JIS X 0510.
JIS X 0510ではQRコードの白黒を反転させることも認められているが[8]、ISO/IEC 18004では白黒を反転させる行為は許されていない。1
See also sorairolake/qrtool#633.