nginx.conf

# Copyright (c) 2026 Mike Odnis
#
# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
# of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
# in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
# to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
# copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
# furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
#
# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
# copies or substantial portions of the Software.
#
# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
# AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
# LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
# OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
# SOFTWARE.

# Nginx Reverse Proxy Configuration for Next.js 16 Portfolio
# Place this in /etc/nginx/sites-available/portfolio
# Create symlink: ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/portfolio /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/
# Test config: nginx -t
# Reload: systemctl reload nginx

# Rate limiting zones (must be in http context, before server blocks)
# Add these to /etc/nginx/nginx.conf http block:
# limit_req_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=api:10m rate=10r/s;
# limit_req_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=general:10m rate=30r/s;
# limit_conn_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=conn_limit:10m;

upstream portfolio_backend {
    # Docker container or local Next.js server
    server localhost:3000;

    # For multiple instances (load balancing)
    # server localhost:3001;
    # server localhost:3002;

    # Keep connections alive for better performance
    keepalive 64;
    keepalive_requests 1000;
    keepalive_timeout 60s;
}

# Redirect HTTP to HTTPS
server {
    listen 80;
    listen [::]:80;
    server_name mikeodnis.dev www.mikeodnis.dev;

    # ACME challenge for Let's Encrypt
    location /.well-known/acme-challenge/ {
        root /var/www/certbot;
        allow all;
    }

    # Redirect all other traffic to HTTPS
    location / {
        return 301 https://$host$request_uri;
    }
}

# HTTPS server
server {
    listen 443 ssl;
    listen [::]:443 ssl;
    http2 on;
    server_name mikeodnis.dev www.mikeodnis.dev;

    # SSL certificates (Let's Encrypt)
    ssl_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/mikeodnis.dev/fullchain.pem;
    ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/live/mikeodnis.dev/privkey.pem;
    ssl_trusted_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/mikeodnis.dev/chain.pem;

    # SSL configuration (Mozilla Modern - TLS 1.3 preferred)
    ssl_protocols TLSv1.2 TLSv1.3;
    ssl_ciphers 'ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-ECDSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:ECDHE-RSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:DHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:DHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384';
    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers off;
    ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:10m;
    ssl_session_timeout 1d;
    ssl_session_tickets off;
    ssl_buffer_size 4k;

    # OCSP stapling
    ssl_stapling on;
    ssl_stapling_verify on;
    resolver 1.1.1.1 1.0.0.1 8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4 valid=300s;
    resolver_timeout 5s;

    # Security headers
    add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=63072000; includeSubDomains; preload" always;
    add_header X-Frame-Options "SAMEORIGIN" always;
    add_header X-Content-Type-Options "nosniff" always;
    add_header Referrer-Policy "strict-origin-when-cross-origin" always;
    add_header Permissions-Policy "camera=(), microphone=(), geolocation=(), interest-cohort=()" always;
    add_header Cross-Origin-Opener-Policy "same-origin" always;
    add_header Cross-Origin-Embedder-Policy "credentialless" always;

    # Remove server version
    server_tokens off;

    # Logging
    access_log /var/log/nginx/portfolio_access.log combined buffer=512k flush=1m;
    error_log /var/log/nginx/portfolio_error.log warn;

    # Client settings
    client_max_body_size 10M;
    client_body_buffer_size 128k;
    client_header_buffer_size 1k;
    large_client_header_buffers 4 16k;

    # Connection limits
    # limit_conn conn_limit 20;

    # Gzip compression
    gzip on;
    gzip_vary on;
    gzip_min_length 1000;
    gzip_proxied any;
    gzip_types
        text/plain
        text/css
        text/js
        text/xml
        text/javascript
        application/javascript
        application/json
        application/xml
        application/rss+xml
        application/atom+xml
        image/svg+xml
        font/woff
        font/woff2;
    gzip_comp_level 6;
    gzip_buffers 16 8k;

    # Brotli compression (if ngx_brotli module installed)
    # brotli on;
    # brotli_comp_level 6;
    # brotli_types text/plain text/css text/xml text/javascript application/json application/javascript application/xml application/rss+xml image/svg+xml font/woff font/woff2;

    # Proxy cache (optional - Next.js handles its own caching)
    # proxy_cache_path /var/cache/nginx/portfolio levels=1:2 keys_zone=portfolio_cache:10m max_size=1g inactive=60m use_temp_path=off;

    # Static files - images with long cache
    location ~* \.(jpg|jpeg|png|gif|ico|svg|webp|avif|heic)$ {
        proxy_pass http://portfolio_backend;
        proxy_http_version 1.1;
        proxy_set_header Connection "";
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;

        expires 1y;
        add_header Cache-Control "public, immutable, max-age=31536000";
        add_header X-Content-Type-Options "nosniff" always;
        access_log off;
    }

    # Static files - fonts and CSS/JS with long cache
    location ~* \.(css|js|woff|woff2|ttf|eot|otf)$ {
        proxy_pass http://portfolio_backend;
        proxy_http_version 1.1;
        proxy_set_header Connection "";
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;

        expires 1y;
        add_header Cache-Control "public, immutable, max-age=31536000";
        add_header X-Content-Type-Options "nosniff" always;
        access_log off;
    }

    # API endpoints with rate limiting
    location /api/ {
        # Rate limiting
        limit_req zone=api burst=20 nodelay;
        limit_req_status 429;

        proxy_pass http://portfolio_backend;
        proxy_http_version 1.1;
        proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
        proxy_set_header Connection 'upgrade';
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Host $host;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Port $server_port;
        proxy_cache_bypass $http_upgrade;

        # Disable buffering for streaming responses
        proxy_buffering off;
        proxy_request_buffering off;

        # Timeouts
        proxy_connect_timeout 60s;
        proxy_send_timeout 60s;
        proxy_read_timeout 60s;

        # Error handling
        proxy_intercept_errors off;
    }

    # Health check endpoint (no rate limiting)
    location = /api/health {
        proxy_pass http://portfolio_backend;
        proxy_http_version 1.1;
        proxy_set_header Connection "";
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
        access_log off;

        # Quick timeout for health checks
        proxy_connect_timeout 5s;
        proxy_read_timeout 5s;
    }

    # Next.js static assets (immutable)
    location /_next/static/ {
        proxy_pass http://portfolio_backend;
        proxy_http_version 1.1;
        proxy_set_header Connection "";
        proxy_set_header Host $host;

        expires 1y;
        add_header Cache-Control "public, immutable, max-age=31536000";
        access_log off;
    }

    # Next.js data routes
    location /_next/data/ {
        proxy_pass http://portfolio_backend;
        proxy_http_version 1.1;
        proxy_set_header Connection "";
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;

        # Short cache for data
        add_header Cache-Control "public, max-age=60, stale-while-revalidate=300";
    }

    # Next.js image optimization
    location /_next/image {
        proxy_pass http://portfolio_backend;
        proxy_http_version 1.1;
        proxy_set_header Connection "";
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;

        # Image optimization can take time
        proxy_connect_timeout 60s;
        proxy_read_timeout 60s;

        # Don't buffer images
        proxy_buffering off;
        proxy_request_buffering off;

        # Cache optimized images
        add_header Cache-Control "public, max-age=86400, stale-while-revalidate=604800";
    }

    # PWA Service Worker (no cache)
    location = /sw.js {
        proxy_pass http://portfolio_backend;
        proxy_http_version 1.1;
        proxy_set_header Connection "";
        proxy_set_header Host $host;

        add_header Cache-Control "no-cache, no-store, must-revalidate";
        add_header Service-Worker-Allowed "/";
        expires -1;
    }

    # PWA Workbox files
    location ~* ^/workbox-.+\.js$ {
        proxy_pass http://portfolio_backend;
        proxy_http_version 1.1;
        proxy_set_header Connection "";
        proxy_set_header Host $host;

        add_header Cache-Control "no-cache, no-store, must-revalidate";
        expires -1;
    }

    # PWA manifest
    location = /manifest.webmanifest {
        proxy_pass http://portfolio_backend;
        proxy_http_version 1.1;
        proxy_set_header Connection "";
        proxy_set_header Host $host;

        add_header Cache-Control "public, max-age=3600";
        default_type application/manifest+json;
    }

    # Robots and sitemap
    location = /robots.txt {
        proxy_pass http://portfolio_backend;
        proxy_http_version 1.1;
        proxy_set_header Connection "";
        add_header Cache-Control "public, max-age=86400";
        access_log off;
    }

    location = /sitemap.xml {
        proxy_pass http://portfolio_backend;
        proxy_http_version 1.1;
        proxy_set_header Connection "";
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
        add_header Cache-Control "public, max-age=3600";
    }

    # RSS feed
    location ~* ^/feed\.xml$ {
        proxy_pass http://portfolio_backend;
        proxy_http_version 1.1;
        proxy_set_header Connection "";
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
        add_header Cache-Control "public, max-age=3600";
    }

    # Block common vulnerability scans
    location ~* (\.php|\.asp|\.aspx|\.jsp|\.cgi|\.env|\.git|\.svn|wp-admin|wp-login|xmlrpc) {
        return 444;
    }

    # Main application
    location / {
        # General rate limiting
        limit_req zone=general burst=50 nodelay;

        proxy_pass http://portfolio_backend;
        proxy_http_version 1.1;
        proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
        proxy_set_header Connection 'upgrade';
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Host $host;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Port $server_port;
        proxy_cache_bypass $http_upgrade;

        # Timeouts
        proxy_connect_timeout 60s;
        proxy_send_timeout 60s;
        proxy_read_timeout 60s;

        # Buffer settings for HTML
        proxy_buffering on;
        proxy_buffer_size 8k;
        proxy_buffers 16 8k;
        proxy_busy_buffers_size 16k;

        # Error pages
        error_page 502 503 504 /50x.html;
    }

    # Custom error page
    location = /50x.html {
        root /usr/share/nginx/html;
        internal;
    }
}

# Redirect www to non-www (optional - uncomment if needed)
# server {
#     listen 443 ssl;
#     listen [::]:443 ssl;
#     http2 on;
#     server_name www.mikeodnis.dev;
#
#     ssl_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/mikeodnis.dev/fullchain.pem;
#     ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/live/mikeodnis.dev/privkey.pem;
#
#     return 301 https://mikeodnis.dev$request_uri;
# }

# Jaeger UI (development/staging only - protect with auth in production)
# server {
#     listen 80;
#     server_name jaeger.mikeodnis.dev;
#
#     # Basic auth for protection
#     # auth_basic "Restricted Access";
#     # auth_basic_user_file /etc/nginx/.htpasswd;
#
#     location / {
#         proxy_pass http://localhost:16686;
#         proxy_http_version 1.1;
#         proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
#         proxy_set_header Connection 'upgrade';
#         proxy_set_header Host $host;
#         proxy_cache_bypass $http_upgrade;
#     }
# }