[PHP] Refactor files following up on split PHP.wasm packages (#3085)

## Motivation for the change, related issues

This pull request refactors code in PHP compilation / shared libraries
and PHP.wasm Node / PHP.wasm web to keep consistency. This follows up on
the split PHP.wasm packages into per PHP version packages [pull
request](#3062).

## Implementation details

- Removed obsolete `icudt74l.js` and `icudt74.dat` files
- Moved `public/shared` directory inside `extensions/intl` in
consistency with the `node` structure [ Bug ]
- Removed obsolete `public` directory inside `web` 
- Removed unused `vite-external-dynamic-imports` Vite plugin. Not needed
anymore.
- Moved Node `xdebug` directory inside `extensions` directory alongside
`intl`
- Simplified shared libraries build commands in consistency with PHP
build
- Simplified PHP build commands
- Cloned PHP repository based on the tag name instead of the branch name
[ e.g. branch 8.2.30 doesn't exist while tag 8.2.30 does ] [ Bug ]
- Added `currentDirPath` in `php.js` files similarly to the
`node-builds/*/src/index.ts` files.
- Rebuilt shared libraries
- Rebuilt PHP

## Testing Instructions (or ideally a Blueprint)

CI

Author: mho22