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docs/advanced/technical/over_the_wire.md

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# The Key Concept: UI5 Over-the-Wire
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# Key Concept: UI5 Over-the-Wire
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The core principle of **abap2UI5** is to apply the proven **Over-the-Wire** concept to SAP UI5 application development.
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The key concept of **abap2UI5** is to apply the **HTML Over-the-Wire** concept to SAP UI5 application development.
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**Over-the-Wire** refers to a web architecture where the server renders user interfaces and sends ready-to-use HTML fragments to the browser. This avoids complex client-side frameworks and keeps the frontend lightweight and maintainable.
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**HTML Over-the-Wire** refers to a web architecture where the server renders user interfaces and sends ready-to-use HTML fragments to the browser. This avoids complex client-side frameworks and keeps the frontend lightweight and maintainable.
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While popular frameworks like Hotwire, Livewire, and Phoenix LiveView follow this approach, **abap2UI5 adapts it to SAP’s technological environment**, using SAP UI5 for frontend rendering and ABAP for backend-driven UI definitions.
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+------------------------+ +-----------------------+ +--------------------+
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| ABAP Backend | | Browser | | User |
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|------------------------| |-----------------------| |--------------------|
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| - XML View Definition | --> | Receives Response | --> | Interacts with UI |
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| - JSON View-Model | | Renders with UI5 | | (clicks, inputs) |
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| - UI5 View Definition | --> | Receives Response | --> | Interacts with UI |
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| - UI5 View-Model | | Renders with UI5 | | (clicks, inputs) |
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+------------------------+ +-----------------------+ +--------------------+
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```
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Flow:
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### abap2UI5: UI5 Over-the-Wire
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**abap2UI5** transfers the Over-the-Wire idea into SAP’s world by combining:
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- ABAP-based UI definitions (XML Views & JSON View-Models)
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- ABAP-based UI definitions (UI5 Views & UI5 View-Models)
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- A static SAP UI5 frontend app for rendering
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- Backend-controlled UI logic and state management
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- Targeted ViewModel updates ensure that only specific UI5 controls are re-rendered
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#### Key Benefits and Characteristics
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- Static UI5 Frontend: Delivered once, remaining generic and stable.
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- Backend-Driven UI Control: All UI structures, logic, and dynamic behavior are defined and maintained in ABAP.
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- Pure ABAP Development: No need for custom JavaScript or separate frontend development.
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- Simplified Architecture: No frontend builds, no complex SPA frameworks — everything managed through backend artifacts.
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- Seamless SAP Integration: Fully aligned with SAP’s UI5 and ABAP technology stack, compatible with ERP and S/4HANA releases.
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- Static UI5 Frontend App: Delivered tieh the first HTTP request, remaining generic and stable for all apps
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- Backend-Driven UI Control: All UI definitions and business logic is defined in ABAP classes
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- Pure ABAP Development: No need for custom JavaScript or separate frontend development
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- Simplified Architecture: No frontend builds, no complex SPA frameworks — everything managed through backend artifacts with abapGit and transports
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- Seamless SAP Integration: Fully aligned with SAP’s UI5 and ABAP technology stack, compatible with all ERP and S/4HANA releases
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- Efficient for Business Applications: Especially suitable for CRUD-heavy apps, forms, tables, dashboards, and typical enterprise use cases.
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#### Limitations to Consider
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### Summary
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The **key idea of abap2UI5** is to bring the simplicity and efficiency of the Over-the-Wire pattern into the SAP ecosystem.
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The **key concept of abap2UI5** is to bring the simplicity and efficiency of the HTML Over-the-Wire pattern into the SAP ecosystem.
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By shifting UI control back to the ABAP backend and leveraging SAP UI5 for rendering, abap2UI5 enables maintainable, pragmatic business applications — without the overhead of SPA architectures.
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