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docs/advanced/technical/over_the_wire.md

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# Over-the-Wire: An Introduction for Business Applications
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## Background: Why is this relevant again?
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### Background: Why is this relevant again?
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In the early days of web development, **all websites were server-rendered**.
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Each user action, like clicking a link or submitting a form, triggered a full-page reload, with the server delivering the complete HTML response.
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Today, **Over-the-Wire approaches revisit the original idea of server-side rendering**, but with modern techniques. Instead of sending entire pages, only small HTML fragments or UI updates are transferred, combining simplicity with interactivity.
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## What is "Over the Wire"?
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### What is "Over the Wire"?
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**Over-the-Wire** refers to a development approach where the server generates and sends **ready-to-render HTML fragments** directly to the client (browser).
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Unlike modern Single Page Applications (SPAs), which rely on JSON data and complex client-side rendering, Over-the-Wire keeps the frontend logic minimal and leverages server-side rendering for both initial load and dynamic updates.
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This approach reduces complexity and is especially suitable for applications where business logic resides on the server.
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## How does it differ from Single Page Applications (SPA)?
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### How does it differ from Single Page Applications (SPA)?
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In a typical SPA:
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- The client requests **raw data** (e.g., JSON) from the server.
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This shifts the responsibility for UI rendering back to the server, simplifying the frontend layer.
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## Benefits of Over-the-Wire for Business Applications
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### Benefits of Over-the-Wire for Business Applications
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- **Reduced Frontend Complexity**: No need for heavy JavaScript frameworks or complex build pipelines.
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- **Faster Time-to-Market**: Leveraging existing backend logic accelerates development.
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- **Better SEO & Accessibility**: Server-rendered HTML is immediately visible and indexable.
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- **Lower Maintenance Effort**: Fewer dependencies and simpler architecture.
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- **Efficient for CRUD Applications**: Ideal for forms, tables, dashboards, and admin tools.
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## Typical Use Cases
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### Typical Use Cases
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- Internal business applications
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- ERP, CRM, and administrative tools
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- Data entry forms and report views
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- Applications with limited interactivity requirements
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## Limitations to Consider
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### Limitations to Consider
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While Over-the-Wire offers significant advantages for backend-driven applications, it is less suitable for:
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- Highly interactive, real-time collaboration tools (e.g., design apps, chat platforms)
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- Applications requiring offline capabilities or rich client-side interactions
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- Scenarios where frontend and backend are developed by separate, independent teams
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## Popular Frameworks and Tools Following Over-the-Wire Principles
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### Popular Frameworks and Tools Following Over-the-Wire Principles
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| Framework | Primary Use | Technology Stack |
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|-----------|-------------|-----------------|
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| **[Inertia.js](https://inertiajs.com/)** | SPA-like experience without APIs | JavaScript + Laravel/Rails |
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## Conclusion
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### Conclusion
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Over-the-Wire represents a pragmatic approach for building web applications where the **server remains in control of UI rendering**.
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It aligns well with business contexts that prioritize **simplicity, maintainability, and tight integration of backend and frontend logic**.
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For typical business applications—such as dashboards, forms, and administrative tools—Over-the-Wire offers a lean and efficient alternative to heavy SPA architectures.
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## Over-the-Wire and abap2UI5
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### Over-the-Wire and abap2UI5
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The **abap2UI5** framework adopts the fundamental idea of Over-the-Wire, but with a specific focus on SAP development environments.
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Instead of sending raw data to a generic frontend application, abap2UI5 delivers a **view and corresponding view model** from the ABAP backend to the client.

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