Add `pre-commit`

[adamghill]

Add configuration for pre-commit.

• Should include ruff and potentially mypy checks (if it doesn't slow things down too much) -- look at
• Should this only run on commits to main?
• Add setup steps to new CONTRIBUTING.md doc (WIP)

[MHLut]

I spotted a failing Dependabot issue for Black that was created back in March, which can be a problem for pre-commit:

Sadly, Dependabot does not support pre-commit (nor will it anytime soon). To keep hooks and Python packages in sync, you must manually track hook updates by running pre-commit autoupdate regularly.

A mismatch between the Black Python package and pre-commit hook versions can lead to wrongly formatted code. Similar issues can occur with other quality tools.

I don't have a practical solution for this situation, but it is something to consider.

Cc. @epw1624 (we discovered this during a Zoom call)