diff --git a/database/migrations/2023_02_18_202830_create_versions_table.php b/database/migrations/2023_02_18_202830_create_versions_table.php
index ec1cccdff..6706d0feb 100644
--- a/database/migrations/2023_02_18_202830_create_versions_table.php
+++ b/database/migrations/2023_02_18_202830_create_versions_table.php
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ public function up()
             $table->json('data');
             $table->json('aux');
             $table->string('editor');
-            $table->timestamp('created_at', 6);
+            $table->timestamp('created_at', 3);
 
             $table->index(['versionable_id', 'versionable_type', 'created_at', 'tenant_id'], 'idx_versions_id_type_created_tenantid');
             $table->index(['publish_at', 'published']);
diff --git a/src/GraphQL/Mutations/AddElement.php b/src/GraphQL/Mutations/AddElement.php
index 0f2cef3ec..c0dfbf6ce 100644
--- a/src/GraphQL/Mutations/AddElement.php
+++ b/src/GraphQL/Mutations/AddElement.php
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ public function __invoke( $rootValue, array $args ) : Element
 
             $version->files()->attach( $args['files'] ?? [] );
 
-            return $element->refresh();
+            return $element;
         }, 3 );
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/GraphQL/Mutations/AddFile.php b/src/GraphQL/Mutations/AddFile.php
index 3803e684d..ee425b7b5 100644
--- a/src/GraphQL/Mutations/AddFile.php
+++ b/src/GraphQL/Mutations/AddFile.php
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ public function __invoke( $rootValue, array $args ) : File
                 ],
             ] );
 
-            return $file->refresh();
+            return $file;
         }, 3 );
     }
 
diff --git a/src/GraphQL/Mutations/AddPage.php b/src/GraphQL/Mutations/AddPage.php
index cf13ce969..53df65662 100644
--- a/src/GraphQL/Mutations/AddPage.php
+++ b/src/GraphQL/Mutations/AddPage.php
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ public function __invoke( $rootValue, array $args ) : Page
                 $version->elements()->attach( $args['elements'] ?? [] );
                 $version->files()->attach( $args['files'] ?? [] );
 
-                return $page->refresh();
+                return $page;
             }, 3 );
         } );
     }
diff --git a/src/Models/Content.php b/src/Models/Content.php
index 228a96697..5fc237168 100644
--- a/src/Models/Content.php
+++ b/src/Models/Content.php
@@ -9,9 +9,11 @@
 
 use Aimeos\Cms\Concerns\Tenancy;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Casts\Attribute;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Concerns\HasUuids;
 use Laravel\Scout\Attributes\SearchUsingFullText;
 use Laravel\Scout\Searchable;
+use Illuminate\Support\Str;
 
 
 /**
@@ -77,6 +79,17 @@ public function getConnectionName() : string
     }
 
 
+    /**
+     * Generate a new unique key for the model.
+     *
+     * @return string
+     */
+    public function newUniqueId()
+    {
+        return strtoupper( (string) Str::uuid7() );
+    }
+
+
     /**
      * Get the name of the index associated with the model.
      */
@@ -97,4 +110,18 @@ public function toSearchableArray(): array
             'content' => $this->content
         ];
     }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Interact with the "id" property.
+     *
+     * @return Attribute Eloquent attribute for the "id" property
+     */
+    protected function id(): Attribute
+    {
+        return Attribute::make(
+            get: fn( $value ) => strtoupper( $value ),
+            set: fn( $value ) => strtoupper( $value ),
+        );
+    }
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/Models/Element.php b/src/Models/Element.php
index ea441b6dc..e236ecb84 100644
--- a/src/Models/Element.php
+++ b/src/Models/Element.php
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
 use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Date;
 use Illuminate\Support\Collection;
+use Illuminate\Support\Str;
 
 
 /**
@@ -177,6 +178,17 @@ public function latest() : MorphOne
     }
 
 
+    /**
+     * Generate a new unique key for the model.
+     *
+     * @return string
+     */
+    public function newUniqueId()
+    {
+        return strtoupper( (string) Str::uuid7() );
+    }
+
+
     /**
      * Publish the given version of the element.
      *
@@ -273,6 +285,20 @@ protected function data(): Attribute
     }
 
 
+    /**
+     * Interact with the "id" property.
+     *
+     * @return Attribute Eloquent attribute for the "id" property
+     */
+    protected function id(): Attribute
+    {
+        return Attribute::make(
+            get: fn( $value ) => strtoupper( $value ),
+            set: fn( $value ) => strtoupper( $value ),
+        );
+    }
+
+
     /**
      * Prepare the model for pruning.
      */
diff --git a/src/Models/File.php b/src/Models/File.php
index dcc3b01f5..59099fff6 100644
--- a/src/Models/File.php
+++ b/src/Models/File.php
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Storage;
 use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Http;
 use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Date;
+use Illuminate\Support\Str;
 use Illuminate\Http\UploadedFile;
 use Intervention\Image\ImageManager;
 
@@ -267,6 +268,17 @@ public function latest() : MorphOne
     }
 
 
+    /**
+     * Generate a new unique key for the model.
+     *
+     * @return string
+     */
+    public function newUniqueId()
+    {
+        return strtoupper( (string) Str::uuid7() );
+    }
+
+
     /**
      * Get the prunable model query.
      *
@@ -491,6 +503,20 @@ protected function filename( string $filename, ?string $ext = null, array $size
     }
 
 
+    /**
+     * Interact with the "id" property.
+     *
+     * @return Attribute Eloquent attribute for the "id" property
+     */
+    protected function id(): Attribute
+    {
+        return Attribute::make(
+            get: fn( $value ) => strtoupper( $value ),
+            set: fn( $value ) => strtoupper( $value ),
+        );
+    }
+
+
     /**
      * Prepare the model for pruning.
      */
diff --git a/src/Models/Page.php b/src/Models/Page.php
index ce43d88a9..432dd2a1c 100644
--- a/src/Models/Page.php
+++ b/src/Models/Page.php
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@
 use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Auth;
 use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;
 use Illuminate\Support\Collection;
+use Illuminate\Support\Str;
 
 
 /**
@@ -336,6 +337,17 @@ public function nav( $level = 0 ) : \Aimeos\Nestedset\Collection
     }
 
 
+    /**
+     * Generate a new unique key for the model.
+     *
+     * @return string
+     */
+    public function newUniqueId()
+    {
+        return strtoupper( (string) Str::uuid7() );
+    }
+
+
     /**
      * Relation to the parent.
      *
@@ -513,6 +525,20 @@ protected function domain(): Attribute
     }
 
 
+    /**
+     * Interact with the "id" property.
+     *
+     * @return Attribute Eloquent attribute for the "id" property
+     */
+    protected function id(): Attribute
+    {
+        return Attribute::make(
+            get: fn( $value ) => strtoupper( $value ),
+            set: fn( $value ) => strtoupper( $value ),
+        );
+    }
+
+
     /**
      * Interact with the "name" property.
      *
diff --git a/src/Models/Version.php b/src/Models/Version.php
index 039f84760..b00598ce1 100644
--- a/src/Models/Version.php
+++ b/src/Models/Version.php
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 namespace Aimeos\Cms\Models;
 
 use Aimeos\Cms\Concerns\Tenancy;
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Casts\Attribute;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Concerns\HasUuids;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\BelongsToMany;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\MorphTo;
@@ -15,6 +16,7 @@
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
 use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Date;
 use Illuminate\Support\Collection;
+use Illuminate\Support\Str;
 
 
 /**
@@ -49,9 +51,13 @@ class Version extends Model
     protected $casts = [
         'data' => 'object',
         'aux' => 'object',
-        'created_at' => 'datetime:Y-m-d H:i:s',
     ];
 
+    /**
+     * The date format with milliseconds used by created_at.
+     */
+    protected $dateFormat = 'Y-m-d H:i:s.v';
+
     /**
      * The attributes that are mass assignable.
      *
@@ -145,6 +151,17 @@ public function getUpdatedAtColumn()
     }
 
 
+    /**
+     * Generate a new unique key for the model.
+     *
+     * @return string
+     */
+    public function newUniqueId()
+    {
+        return strtoupper( (string) Str::uuid7() );
+    }
+
+
     /**
      * Get the parent versionable model (page, file or element).
      */
@@ -183,4 +200,18 @@ public function getDirty()
 
         return $dirty;
     }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Interact with the "id" property.
+     *
+     * @return Attribute Eloquent attribute for the "id" property
+     */
+    protected function id(): Attribute
+    {
+        return Attribute::make(
+            get: fn( $value ) => strtoupper( $value ),
+            set: fn( $value ) => strtoupper( $value ),
+        );
+    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/GraphqlElementTest.php b/tests/GraphqlElementTest.php
index b5ef207c2..c62610c1c 100644
--- a/tests/GraphqlElementTest.php
+++ b/tests/GraphqlElementTest.php
@@ -223,6 +223,7 @@ public function testElementVersions()
 
         $this->expectsDatabaseQueryCount(3);
 
+\Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB::enableQueryLog();
         $response = $this->actingAs($this->user)->graphQL('{
             element(id: "' . $element->id . '") {
                 id
@@ -237,6 +238,8 @@ public function testElementVersions()
                 }
             }
         }');
+print_r(\Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB::getQueryLog());
+print_r(\Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB::table('cms_versions')->get()->all());
 
         $elementData = $response->json('data.element');
 
@@ -259,9 +262,8 @@ public function testAddElement()
         $this->seed(CmsSeeder::class);
 
         $file = File::where( 'mime', 'image/jpeg' )->firstOrFail();
-        $element = Element::where( 'type', 'footer' )->firstOrFail();
 
-        $this->expectsDatabaseQueryCount( 8 );
+        $this->expectsDatabaseQueryCount( 7 );
 
         $response = $this->actingAs($this->user)->graphQL('
             mutation {
diff --git a/tests/GraphqlFileTest.php b/tests/GraphqlFileTest.php
index 5db51359e..15c12aa9c 100644
--- a/tests/GraphqlFileTest.php
+++ b/tests/GraphqlFileTest.php
@@ -240,7 +240,7 @@ public function testAddFile()
     {
         $this->seed( CmsSeeder::class );
 
-        $this->expectsDatabaseQueryCount( 4 );
+        $this->expectsDatabaseQueryCount( 3 );
         $response = $this->actingAs( $this->user )->multipartGraphQL( [
             'query' => '
                 mutation($file: Upload!, $preview: Upload) {
diff --git a/tests/GraphqlPageTest.php b/tests/GraphqlPageTest.php
index 377b40ce7..34500c628 100644
--- a/tests/GraphqlPageTest.php
+++ b/tests/GraphqlPageTest.php
@@ -570,7 +570,7 @@ public function testAddPage()
         $file = File::where( 'mime', 'image/jpeg' )->firstOrFail();
         $element = Element::where( 'type', 'footer' )->firstOrFail();
 
-        $this->expectsDatabaseQueryCount( 10 );
+        $this->expectsDatabaseQueryCount( 9 );
         $response = $this->actingAs( $this->user )->graphQL( '
             mutation {
                 addPage(input: {
@@ -641,7 +641,7 @@ public function testAddPageChild()
 
         $root = Page::where('tag', 'root')->firstOrFail();
 
-        $this->expectsDatabaseQueryCount( 10 );
+        $this->expectsDatabaseQueryCount( 8 );
         $response = $this->actingAs( $this->user )->graphQL( '
             mutation {
                 addPage(input: {
@@ -681,7 +681,7 @@ public function testAddPageChildRef()
         $root = Page::where('tag', 'root')->firstOrFail();
         $ref = Page::where('tag', 'blog')->firstOrFail();
 
-        $this->expectsDatabaseQueryCount( 10 );
+        $this->expectsDatabaseQueryCount( 8 );
         $response = $this->actingAs( $this->user )->graphQL( '
             mutation {
                 addPage(input: {