Template rules and how it works

Good day!

I have previously worked with Alauda roles, but I am still unsure about how the system works. Could you please help me?

1) Where can I find information about the template rules? I can't find them in the official documentation.
2) If I create a new role and add one of "Function" permissions and then will this grant me additional permissions, but I didn't enter. Why it works like this?
