add ata-pio driver and improve lowlevel io driver

Author: alexeev-prog

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -1,3 +1,9 @@
+commit 528cc20f905bd6803deb9861b83412baad1ed38a
+Author: Alexeev Bronislav <[email protected]>
+Date:   Thu Aug 28 22:00:25 2025 +0700
+
+    small updates in kklibc/mem.c
+
 commit 1a32b6cff7252ca9e6a9c59f8cd77122a7d0fc40
 Author: Alexeev Bronislav <[email protected]>
 Date:   Thu Aug 28 21:48:24 2025 +0700

src/kernel/drivers/ata_pio.c

@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+#include "ata_pio.h"
+#include "lowlevel_io.h"
+
+// https://wiki.osdev.org/ATA_PIO_Mode
+
+static void ata_wait_ready() {
+    while (port_byte_in(ATA_REG_STATUS) & ATA_SR_BSY);
+}
+
+static void ata_cache_flush() {
+    ata_wait_ready();
+    port_byte_out(ATA_REG_COMMAND, ATA_CMD_CACHE_FLUSH);
+    ata_wait_ready();
+}
+
+void ata_read_sectors(u32 lba, u32 sector_count, const u8* buffer) {
+    ata_wait_ready();
+
+    // Select drive (Master)
+    port_byte_out(ATA_REG_DRIVE_SELECT, 0xE0 | ((lba >> 24) & 0x0F));
+
+    // Waste time
+    port_byte_out(ATA_REG_ERROR, 0x00);
+
+    port_byte_out(ATA_REG_SECCOUNT, sector_count); // Read one sector
+    port_byte_out(ATA_REG_LBA0, (u8)(lba & 0xFF));
+    port_byte_out(ATA_REG_LBA1, (u8)((lba >> 8) & 0xFF));
+    port_byte_out(ATA_REG_LBA2, (u8)((lba >> 16) & 0xFF));
+    port_byte_out(ATA_REG_COMMAND, ATA_CMD_READ_SECTORS);
+
+    ata_wait_ready();
+
+    for (u8 sector = 0; sector < sector_count; sector++) {
+        while (!(port_byte_in(ATA_REG_STATUS) & ATA_SR_DRQ));
+        // NOTE: If bytes are entered in small endian, does it call it back the right way
+        rep_insw(ATA_REG_DATA, (void*)(&buffer[sector * SECTOR_BYTES]), SECTOR_WORDS); // 256 words (512 bytes)
+    }
+}
+
+void ata_write_sectors(u32 lba, u32 sector_count, const u8* buffer) {
+
+    ata_wait_ready();
+
+    // Select drive (Master)
+    port_byte_out(ATA_REG_DRIVE_SELECT, 0xE0 | ((lba >> 24) & 0x0F));
+
+    // Waste time
+    port_byte_out(ATA_REG_ERROR, 0x00);
+
+    port_byte_out(ATA_REG_SECCOUNT, (u8)sector_count); // Read one sector
+    port_byte_out(ATA_REG_LBA0, (u8)(lba & 0xFF));
+    port_byte_out(ATA_REG_LBA1, (u8)((lba >> 8) & 0xFF));
+    port_byte_out(ATA_REG_LBA2, (u8)((lba >> 16) & 0xFF));
+    port_byte_out(ATA_REG_COMMAND, ATA_CMD_WRITE_SECTORS);
+
+    for (u8 sector = 0; sector < sector_count; sector++) {
+        while (!(port_byte_in(ATA_REG_STATUS) & ATA_SR_DRQ));
+        for (u32 sw = 0; sw < SECTOR_WORDS; sw++) {
+            // looks like big endian
+            outsw(ATA_REG_DATA, ((u16)buffer[sector * SECTOR_BYTES + sw * 2 + 1]) << 8
+            | (u16)(buffer[sector * SECTOR_BYTES + sw * 2]));
+        }
+    }
+
+    ata_cache_flush();
+}
+
+void ata_select_drive(int is_master) {
+    port_byte_out(ATA_REG_DRIVE_SELECT, is_master ? 0xA0 : 0xB0);
+}
+
+void ata_identify() {
+    ata_select_drive(1); // Select master drive
+
+    port_byte_out(ATA_REG_SECCOUNT, 0);
+    port_byte_out(ATA_REG_LBA0, 0);
+    port_byte_out(ATA_REG_LBA1, 0);
+    port_byte_out(ATA_REG_LBA2, 0);
+    port_byte_out(ATA_REG_COMMAND, ATA_CMD_IDENTIFY);
+}
+
+int ata_wait() {
+    while (1) {
+        u8 status = port_byte_in(ATA_REG_STATUS);
+        if (!(status & 0x80)) return 1; // Check BSY (Busy) bit
+    }
+}
+
+void ata_read_buffer(u16* buffer) {
+    // reads an entire sector, 256 words, 512 bytes
+    for (int i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
+        buffer[i] = port_word_in(ATA_REG_DATA);
+    }
+}
+
+u32 ata_get_disk_size() {
+    // 1024^2 = 1048576 (1 MiB)
+    u16 ata_buffer[256];
+    ata_identify();
+    ata_wait();
+    ata_read_buffer(ata_buffer);
+    u32 total_sectors = ((u32)ata_buffer[61] << 16) | ata_buffer[60];
+    return (u32)total_sectors * 512; // Convert to bytes
+}
+
+void ata_read_blocks(u32 block_num, const u8* buffer, u32 count) {
+    ata_read_sectors(block_num * SECTORS_PER_BLOCK, SECTORS_PER_BLOCK * count, buffer);
+}
+
+// these are wasteful, just writes past buffer, regardless of length
+void ata_write_blocks(u32 block_num, const u8* buffer, u32 count) {
+    ata_write_sectors(block_num * SECTORS_PER_BLOCK, SECTORS_PER_BLOCK * count, buffer);
+}

src/kernel/drivers/ata_pio.h

@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+#ifndef ATA_PIO_H
+#define ATA_PIO_H
+
+#include "../kklibc/ctypes.h"
+
+#define SECTOR_BYTES 512
+#define SECTOR_WORDS 256
+
+// ATA I/O Порты
+#define ATA_PRIMARY_IO_BASE    0x1F0
+#define ATA_PRIMARY_CTRL_BASE  0x3F6
+#define ATA_REG_DATA           (ATA_PRIMARY_IO_BASE + 0)
+#define ATA_REG_ERROR          (ATA_PRIMARY_IO_BASE + 1)
+#define ATA_REG_SECCOUNT       (ATA_PRIMARY_IO_BASE + 2)
+#define ATA_REG_LBA0           (ATA_PRIMARY_IO_BASE + 3)
+#define ATA_REG_LBA1           (ATA_PRIMARY_IO_BASE + 4)
+#define ATA_REG_LBA2           (ATA_PRIMARY_IO_BASE + 5)
+#define ATA_REG_DRIVE_SELECT   (ATA_PRIMARY_IO_BASE + 6)
+#define ATA_REG_COMMAND        (ATA_PRIMARY_IO_BASE + 7)
+#define ATA_REG_STATUS         (ATA_PRIMARY_IO_BASE + 7)
+#define ATA_REG_ALTSTATUS      (ATA_PRIMARY_CTRL_BASE + 0)
+#define ATA_REG_CONTROL        (ATA_PRIMARY_CTRL_BASE + 0)
+
+// ATA Команда
+#define ATA_CMD_READ_SECTORS   0x20
+#define ATA_CMD_WRITE_SECTORS  0x30
+#define ATA_CMD_CACHE_FLUSH    0xE7
+#define ATA_CMD_IDENTIFY       0xEC
+
+// Статус флаги
+#define ATA_SR_BSY             0x80  // Занятость
+#define ATA_SR_DRDY            0x40  // Готовность драйва
+#define ATA_SR_DRQ             0x08  // Запрос на готовность данных
+
+// Типы драйвов
+#define ATA_MASTER             0xA0
+#define ATA_SLAVE              0xB0
+
+#define SECTORS_PER_BLOCK      0x8  // для ФС блоки по 4KB
+#define BLOCK_BYTES            SECTORS_PER_BLOCK*SECTOR_BYTES
+
+/**
+ * @brief Чтение секторов
+ *
+ * @param lba LBA
+ * @param sector_count количество секторов
+ * @param buffer буфер
+ **/
+void ata_read_sectors(u32 lba, u32 sector_count, const u8* buffer);
+
+/**
+ * @brief Запись секторов
+ *
+ * @param lba LBA
+ * @param sector_count количество секторов
+ * @param buffer буфер
+ **/
+void ata_write_sectors(u32 lba, u32 sector_count, const u8* buffer);
+
+/**
+ * @brief Чтение буфера
+ *
+ * @param buffer буфер
+ **/
+void ata_read_buffer(u16* buffer);
+
+/**
+ * @brief Получение размера диска
+ *
+ * @return u32
+ **/
+u32 ata_get_disk_size();
+
+/**
+ * @brief Чтение блоков
+ *
+ * @param block_num количество блоков
+ * @param buffer буфер
+ * @param count число
+ **/
+void ata_read_blocks(u32 block_num, const u8* buffer, u32 count);
+
+/**
+ * @brief Запись блоков
+ *
+ * @param block_num количество блоков
+ * @param buffer буфер
+ * @param count число
+ **/
+void ata_write_blocks(u32 block_num, const u8* buffer, u32 count);
+
+#endif // ATA_PIO_H

src/kernel/drivers/lowlevel_io.c

@@ -28,6 +28,8 @@
  *       придется использовать inline assembly.
  * ----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
+#include "lowlevel_io.h"
+
 unsigned char port_byte_in(unsigned short port) {
     /* Функция-обертка над assembly, читающая 1 байт из параметра port */
     /* unsigned short port: адрес регистра какого-либо девайса, из которого */
@@ -74,3 +76,11 @@ void port_word_out(unsigned short port, unsigned short data) {
     /* Функция-обертка над assembly, пишущая data (2 байта, т.е. word) в port */
     __asm__("out %%ax, %%dx" : : "a"(data), "d"(port));
 }
+
+void outsw(u16 port, u16 value) {
+    __asm__ volatile ("outw %0, %1" : : "a"(value), "Nd"(port));
+}
+
+void rep_insw(u16 port, void *addr, u32 count) {
+    __asm__ volatile ("rep insw" : "+D"(addr), "+c"(count) : "d"(port) : "memory");
+}

src/kernel/drivers/lowlevel_io.h

@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@
  *  Title: Заголовочный файл для drivers/lowlevel_io.c
  */
 
+#include "../kklibc/ctypes.h"
+
 /**
  * @brief Port byte in
  *
@@ -34,3 +36,20 @@ unsigned char port_word_in(unsigned short port);
  * @param data данные
  **/
 void port_word_out(unsigned short port, unsigned short data);
+
+/**
+ * @brief Outsw
+ *
+ * @param port порт
+ * @param value значение
+ **/
+void outsw(u16 port, u16 value);
+
+/**
+ * @brief rep_insw
+ *
+ * @param port порт
+ * @param addr адрес
+ * @param count количество
+ **/
+void rep_insw(u16 port, void *addr, u32 count);