add CLAUDE.md (#260)

Author: kkozik-amplify

CLAUDE.md

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+# HCL2 Parser — CLAUDE.md
+
+## Pipeline
+
+```
+Forward:  HCL2 Text → Lark Parse Tree → LarkElement Tree → Python Dict/JSON
+Reverse:  Python Dict/JSON → LarkElement Tree → Lark Tree → HCL2 Text
+```
+
+## Module Map
+
+| Module | Role |
+|---|---|
+| `hcl2/hcl2.lark` | Lark grammar definition |
+| `hcl2/api.py` | Public API (`load/loads/dump/dumps` + intermediate stages) |
+| `hcl2/parser.py` | Lark parser factory with caching |
+| `hcl2/transformer.py` | Lark parse tree → LarkElement tree |
+| `hcl2/deserializer.py` | Python dict → LarkElement tree |
+| `hcl2/formatter.py` | Whitespace alignment and spacing on LarkElement trees |
+| `hcl2/reconstructor.py` | LarkElement tree → HCL2 text via Lark |
+| `hcl2/builder.py` | Programmatic HCL document construction |
+| `hcl2/utils.py` | `SerializationOptions`, `SerializationContext`, string helpers |
+| `hcl2/const.py` | Constants: `IS_BLOCK`, `COMMENTS_KEY`, `INLINE_COMMENTS_KEY` |
+| `cli/helpers.py` | File/directory/stdin conversion helpers |
+| `cli/hcl_to_json.py` | `hcl2tojson` entry point |
+| `cli/json_to_hcl.py` | `jsontohcl2` entry point |
+
+`hcl2/__main__.py` is a thin wrapper that imports `cli.hcl_to_json:main`.
+
+### Rules (one class per grammar rule)
+
+| File | Domain |
+|---|---|
+| `rules/abstract.py` | `LarkElement`, `LarkRule`, `LarkToken` base classes |
+| `rules/tokens.py` | `StringToken` (cached factory), `StaticStringToken`, punctuation constants |
+| `rules/base.py` | `StartRule`, `BodyRule`, `BlockRule`, `AttributeRule` |
+| `rules/containers.py` | `TupleRule`, `ObjectRule`, `ObjectElemRule`, `ObjectElemKeyRule` |
+| `rules/expressions.py` | `ExprTermRule`, `BinaryOpRule`, `UnaryOpRule`, `ConditionalRule` |
+| `rules/literal_rules.py` | `IntLitRule`, `FloatLitRule`, `IdentifierRule`, `KeywordRule` |
+| `rules/strings.py` | `StringRule`, `InterpolationRule`, `HeredocTemplateRule` |
+| `rules/functions.py` | `FunctionCallRule`, `ArgumentsRule` |
+| `rules/indexing.py` | `GetAttrRule`, `SqbIndexRule`, splat rules |
+| `rules/for_expressions.py` | `ForTupleExprRule`, `ForObjectExprRule`, `ForIntroRule`, `ForCondRule` |
+| `rules/whitespace.py` | `NewLineOrCommentRule`, `InlineCommentMixIn` |
+
+## Public API (`api.py`)
+
+Follows the `json` module convention. All option parameters are keyword-only.
+
+- `load/loads` — HCL2 text → Python dict
+- `dump/dumps` — Python dict → HCL2 text
+- Intermediate stages: `parse/parses`, `parse_to_tree/parses_to_tree`, `transform`, `serialize`, `from_dict`, `from_json`, `reconstruct`
+
+### Option Dataclasses
+
+**`SerializationOptions`** (LarkElement → dict):
+`with_comments`, `with_meta`, `wrap_objects`, `wrap_tuples`, `explicit_blocks`, `preserve_heredocs`, `force_operation_parentheses`, `preserve_scientific_notation`
+
+**`DeserializerOptions`** (dict → LarkElement):
+`heredocs_to_strings`, `strings_to_heredocs`, `object_elements_colon`, `object_elements_trailing_comma`
+
+**`FormatterOptions`** (whitespace/alignment):
+`indent_length`, `open_empty_blocks`, `open_empty_objects`, `open_empty_tuples`, `vertically_align_attributes`, `vertically_align_object_elements`
+
+## CLI
+
+Console scripts defined in `pyproject.toml`. Each uses argparse flags that map directly to the option dataclass fields above.
+
+```
+hcl2tojson --json-indent 2 --with-meta file.tf
+jsontohcl2 --indent 4 --no-align file.json
+```
+
+Add new options as `parser.add_argument()` calls in the relevant entry point module.
+
+## Hard Rules
+
+These are project-specific constraints that must not be violated:
+
+1. **Always use the LarkElement IR.** Never transform directly from Lark parse tree to Python dict or vice versa.
+1. **Block vs object distinction.** Use `__is_block__` markers (`const.IS_BLOCK`) to preserve semantic intent during round-trips. The deserializer must distinguish blocks from regular objects.
+1. **Bidirectional completeness.** Every serialization path must have a corresponding deserialization path. Test round-trip integrity: Parse → Serialize → Deserialize → Serialize produces identical results.
+1. **One grammar rule = one `LarkRule` class.** Each class implements `lark_name()`, typed property accessors, `serialize()`, and declares `_children_layout: Tuple[...]` (annotation only, no assignment) to document child structure.
+1. **Token caching.** Use the `StringToken` factory in `rules/tokens.py` — never create token instances directly.
+1. **Interpolation context.** `${...}` generation depends on nesting depth — always pass and respect `SerializationContext`.
+1. **Update both directions.** When adding language features, update transformer.py, deserializer.py, formatter.py and reconstructor.py.
+
+## Adding a New Language Construct
+
+1. Add grammar rules to `hcl2.lark`
+1. Create rule class(es) in the appropriate `rules/` file
+1. Add transformer method(s) in `transformer.py`
+1. Implement `serialize()` in the rule class
+1. Update `deserializer.py`, `formatter.py` and `reconstructor.py` for round-trip support
+
+## Testing
+
+Framework: `unittest.TestCase` (not pytest).
+
+```
+python -m unittest discover -s test -p "test_*.py" -v
+```
+
+**Unit tests** (`test/unit/`): instantiate rule objects directly (no parsing).
+
+- `test/unit/rules/` — one file per rules module
+- `test/unit/cli/` — one file per CLI module
+- `test/unit/test_api.py`, `test_builder.py`, `test_deserializer.py`, `test_formatter.py`, `test_reconstructor.py`, `test_utils.py`
+
+Use concrete stubs when testing ABCs (e.g., `StubExpression(ExpressionRule)`).
+
+**Integration tests** (`test/integration/`): full-pipeline tests with golden files.
+
+- `test_round_trip.py` — iterates over all suites in `hcl2_original/`, tests HCL→JSON, JSON→JSON, JSON→HCL, and full round-trip
+- `test_specialized.py` — feature-specific tests with golden files in `specialized/`
+
+Always run round-trip full test suite after any modification.
+
+## Keeping Docs Current
+
+Update this file when architecture, modules, API surface, or testing conventions change. Also update `README.md` and `docs/usage.md` when changes affect the public API, CLI flags, or option fields.