build: update to TypeScript 4.8 (#25505)

Updates the repo to TypeScript 4.8 and resolves some of the breaking changes. I've only kept the schematics code backwards-compatible since the rest of the changes are to our own tooling.

(cherry picked from commit e2a1216)

Author: crisbeto

integration/harness-e2e-cli/package.json

@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@
     "karma-jasmine-html-reporter": "~1.7.0",
     "selenium-webdriver": "3.6.0",
     "ts-node": "~10.7.0",
-    "typescript": "file:../../node_modules/typescript",
+    "typescript": "~4.7.2",
     "wait-on": "^6.0.0"
   }
 }