fix(material/table): fixed layout not working (#32494)

Fixes that the `fixedLayout` input wasn't doint anything in the Material table, because:
1. The `cdk-table-fixed-layout` styles were being overridden by the Material table's styling.
2. The style that the Material table was applying didn't have any styles associated with it.

(cherry picked from commit 1fab386)

Author: crisbeto

src/material/table/table.scss

@@ -30,6 +30,12 @@ $fallbacks: m3-table.get-tokens();
   background-color: token-utils.slot(table-background-color, $fallbacks);
 }
 
+// These styles already come from a similar class in the CDK,
+// but the `.mat-mdc-table` styles override them.
+.mat-table-fixed-layout {
+  table-layout: fixed;
+}
+
 .mdc-data-table__cell {
   box-sizing: border-box;
   overflow: hidden;

src/material/table/table.ts

@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ export class MatRecycleRows {}
   styleUrl: 'table.css',
   host: {
     'class': 'mat-mdc-table mdc-data-table__table',
-    '[class.mdc-table-fixed-layout]': 'fixedLayout',
+    '[class.mat-table-fixed-layout]': 'fixedLayout',
   },
   providers: [
     {provide: CdkTable, useExisting: MatTable},