diff --git a/src/material/form-field/form-field.ts b/src/material/form-field/form-field.ts
index 8b20dc2ccd02..c47904e7faa0 100644
--- a/src/material/form-field/form-field.ts
+++ b/src/material/form-field/form-field.ts
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ import {AbstractControlDirective} from '@angular/forms';
 import {ThemePalette} from '@angular/material/core';
 import {_IdGenerator} from '@angular/cdk/a11y';
 import {Subject, Subscription, merge} from 'rxjs';
-import {takeUntil} from 'rxjs/operators';
+import {map, pairwise, takeUntil, filter, startWith} from 'rxjs/operators';
 import {MAT_ERROR, MatError} from './directives/error';
 import {
   FLOATING_LABEL_PARENT,
@@ -328,6 +328,7 @@ export class MatFormField
   private _previousControl: MatFormFieldControl<unknown> | null = null;
   private _stateChanges: Subscription | undefined;
   private _valueChanges: Subscription | undefined;
+  private _describedByChanges: Subscription | undefined;
 
   private _injector = inject(Injector);
 
@@ -377,6 +378,7 @@ export class MatFormField
   ngOnDestroy() {
     this._stateChanges?.unsubscribe();
     this._valueChanges?.unsubscribe();
+    this._describedByChanges?.unsubscribe();
     this._destroyed.next();
     this._destroyed.complete();
   }
@@ -426,10 +428,22 @@ export class MatFormField
     this._stateChanges?.unsubscribe();
     this._stateChanges = control.stateChanges.subscribe(() => {
       this._updateFocusState();
-      this._syncDescribedByIds();
       this._changeDetectorRef.markForCheck();
     });
 
+    // Updating the `aria-describedby` touches the DOM. Only do it if it actually needs to change.
+    this._describedByChanges?.unsubscribe();
+    this._describedByChanges = control.stateChanges
+      .pipe(
+        startWith([undefined, undefined] as const),
+        map(() => [control.errorState, control.userAriaDescribedBy] as const),
+        pairwise(),
+        filter(([[prevErrorState, prevDescribedBy], [currentErrorState, currentDescribedBy]]) => {
+          return prevErrorState !== currentErrorState || prevDescribedBy !== currentDescribedBy;
+        }),
+      )
+      .subscribe(() => this._syncDescribedByIds());
+
     this._valueChanges?.unsubscribe();
 
     // Run change detection if the value changes.
diff --git a/src/material/input/input.spec.ts b/src/material/input/input.spec.ts
index 93ed2c7a723a..611cdc3320f2 100644
--- a/src/material/input/input.spec.ts
+++ b/src/material/input/input.spec.ts
@@ -643,6 +643,18 @@ describe('MatMdcInput without forms', () => {
     expect(input.getAttribute('aria-describedby')).toBe('start end');
   }));
 
+  it('should preserve aria-describedby set directly in the DOM', fakeAsync(() => {
+    const fixture = createComponent(MatInputHintLabel2TestController);
+    const input = fixture.nativeElement.querySelector('input');
+    input.setAttribute('aria-describedby', 'custom');
+    fixture.componentInstance.label = 'label';
+    fixture.changeDetectorRef.markForCheck();
+    fixture.detectChanges();
+    const hint = fixture.nativeElement.querySelector('.mat-mdc-form-field-hint');
+
+    expect(input.getAttribute('aria-describedby')).toBe(`${hint.getAttribute('id')} custom`);
+  }));
+
   it('should set a class on the hint element based on its alignment', fakeAsync(() => {
     const fixture = createComponent(MatInputMultipleHintTestController);
 
diff --git a/src/material/input/input.ts b/src/material/input/input.ts
index 568b49c6e7bf..3be8e80a1ebe 100644
--- a/src/material/input/input.ts
+++ b/src/material/input/input.ts
@@ -111,6 +111,9 @@ export class MatInput
   private _webkitBlinkWheelListenerAttached = false;
   private _config = inject(MAT_INPUT_CONFIG, {optional: true});
 
+  /** `aria-describedby` IDs assigned by the form field. */
+  private _formFieldDescribedBy: string[] | undefined;
+
   /** Whether the component is being rendered on the server. */
   readonly _isServer: boolean;
 
@@ -551,10 +554,29 @@ export class MatInput
    * @docs-private
    */
   setDescribedByIds(ids: string[]) {
-    if (ids.length) {
-      this._elementRef.nativeElement.setAttribute('aria-describedby', ids.join(' '));
+    const element = this._elementRef.nativeElement;
+    const existingDescribedBy = element.getAttribute('aria-describedby');
+    let toAssign: string[];
+
+    // In some cases there might be some `aria-describedby` IDs that were assigned directly,
+    // like by the `AriaDescriber` (see #30011). Attempt to preserve them by taking the previous
+    // attribute value and filtering out the IDs that came from the previous `setDescribedByIds`
+    // call. Note the `|| ids` here allows us to avoid duplicating IDs on the first render.
+    if (existingDescribedBy) {
+      const exclude = this._formFieldDescribedBy || ids;
+      toAssign = ids.concat(
+        existingDescribedBy.split(' ').filter(id => id && !exclude.includes(id)),
+      );
+    } else {
+      toAssign = ids;
+    }
+
+    this._formFieldDescribedBy = ids;
+
+    if (toAssign.length) {
+      element.setAttribute('aria-describedby', toAssign.join(' '));
     } else {
-      this._elementRef.nativeElement.removeAttribute('aria-describedby');
+      element.removeAttribute('aria-describedby');
     }
   }